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Optics Communications

Rb saturation spectroscopy with an optically narrowed FM diode laser

G. P. Barwood, Patrick Robert Gill, W. R. C. Rowley

Published Jan 1, 1991• 5 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0030-4018(91)90423-b

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We experimentally study the character of saturated absorption spectroscopy (SAS) of the 87 Rb 5 S 1/2 → 6 P 3/2 transition at 420 nm in a miniature cubic glass cell (3 × 3 × 3 mm 3 ). The influences of the laser intensity and cell temperature on the saturated absorption resonance are comprehensively investigated to determine the optimal parameters for a compact stabilized frequency standard. By stabilizing the laser frequency to the optimized SAS signal, a beatnote stability of 2.4 × 10 −13 at 1 s is measured between two identical SAS systems, corresponding to a single-laser stability of 1.7 × 10 −13 at 1 s, assuming equal contribution from each laser. A further analysis of the noise budget reveals that the main contributions of short-term stability arise from the intermodulation effect and the laser frequency noise through the frequency modulation to amplitude modulation (FM-AM) conversion process. Our work provides a promising route toward high-performance miniaturized optical frequency standards based on high-lying excited-state transitions.

Optics Express•Jul 7, 2026•1 citation
Frequency-modulation (FM) spectroscopy has been performed on the D(2) transitions of rubidium atoms with an AlGaAs diode laser at 780 nm. Doppler-broadened hyperfine-structure transitions of (85)Rb and (87)Rb were resolved with no residual amplitude-modulation-induced background signal by modulating the injection current of the laser diode at a low frequency (20-50 MHz) compared with the Doppler width. To obtain Doppler-free spectra, we combined FM spectroscopy with saturation spectroscopy. The results show that the FM spectroscopy technique is sensitive and should be useful for high-resolution spectroscopy, although the resolution was instrument limited and unusual double peaks were observed.
We experimentally study the character of saturated absorption spectroscopy (SAS) of the 87 Rb 5 S 1/2 → 6 P 3/2 transition at 420 nm in a miniature cubic glass cell (3 × 3 × 3 mm 3 ). The influences of the laser intensity and cell temperature on the saturated absorption resonance are comprehensively investigated to determine the optimal parameters for a compact stabilized frequency standard. By stabilizing the laser frequency to the optimized SAS signal, a beatnote stability of 2.4 × 10 −13 at 1 s is measured between two identical SAS systems, corresponding to a single-laser stability of 1.7 × 10 −13 at 1 s, assuming equal contribution from each laser. A further analysis of the noise budget reveals that the main contributions of short-term stability arise from the intermodulation effect and the laser frequency noise through the frequency modulation to amplitude modulation (FM-AM) conversion process. Our work provides a promising route toward high-performance miniaturized optical frequency standards based on high-lying excited-state transitions.