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Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)

3:1 optical frequency division by difference-frequency mixing in periodically poled lithium niobate

P. Nee, N. C. Wong

Published Nov 23, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on the demonstration of optical frequency division by 3 via two successive stages of difference frequency generation. Two input sources at 532 nm and 798 nm generated an output at 1596 nm and the mixing between the 798-nm input and the 1596-nm output generated a second 1596-nm output. Both difference frequency mixing stages were implemented in a single piece of quasi-phase matched periodically poled lithium niobate. By measuring the beat frequency between the two 1596-nm an exact frequency ratio of 3:2 was obtained between two input sources. A signal-to-noise ratio of 27 dB was obtained for a resolution bandwidth of 100 kHz.

DOI
10.1109/freq.1997.638556

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We report on the demonstration of optical frequency division by 3 via two successive stages of difference frequency generation. Two input sources at 532 nm and 798 nm generated an output at 1596 nm and the mixing between the 798-nm input and the 1596-nm output generated a second 1596-nm output. Both difference frequency mixing stages were implemented in a single piece of quasi-phase matched periodically poled lithium niobate. By measuring the beat frequency between the two 1596-nm an exact frequency ratio of 3:2 was obtained between two input sources. A signal-to-noise ratio of 27 dB was obtained for a resolution bandwidth of 100 kHz.
Flattop wavelength conversion over a 70 nm bandwidth in a 45-mm-long periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide based on nonlinear cascaded sum frequency generation (SFG) and difference frequency generation processes using two separated wavelengths, is realized. A 2 dB peak-to-peak ripple over the conversion bandwidth in the C band is observed when the two pumps are fixed for perfectly phase-matched SFG conversion; this is significantly reduced to 0.5 dB by slight detuning of one of the pumps to a longer wavelength. We also demonstrate multichannel broadcasting using two pumps to convert one signal wavelength to three idlers. Using the aperiodically poled lithium niobate waveguide increases the idler separation.
Optical signal processing devices based on quasi-phase-matched three-wave mixing and cascaded three-wave mixing in guided-wave geometries have been demonstrated to operate efficiently at practical pump-power levels. We describe operation of such devices in a balanced mode that allows mixing without wavelength offset and separation of mixed output from pump and signal input without wavelength-selective filters. We present a design for an optical-frequency balanced mixer using quasi-phase-matched, cascaded second-order nonlinear processes. Using this design, we fabricated a balanced mixer in periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides that has the expected linear and nonlinear optical performance.
The principle of all-optical wavelength conversion based on the cascaded sum and difference frequency generation (SFG+DFG) in quasi-phase-matched (QPM) periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) waveguides is introduced. The conversion efficiency of the wavelength converter is calculated. The influences of the powers and span of two pumps on the conversion efficiency are analyzed. Bandwidth of one pump wavelength is discussed. The tuning is about 0.5 nm. The signal pulse width is compressed about 0.68 times.