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Springer eBooks

Macroscopic Quantum Objects and their Interaction with External Environments

Terrence D. Clark, Timothy P. Spiller, Robert J. Prance, Helen Prance, Jason F. Ralph, A. J. Clippingdale

Published Jan 1, 1992• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-94-015-7979-7_16

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We revisit the quantum decoherence problem of the center of mass motion of a macroscopic object, which is modelled as a one-dimensional atom chain. Induced by the coupling of the center of mass (C.M) motion with the inner degrees of freedom, this inner-environment-induced decoherence is reflected by the localization of the C.M wave packet. We show that, the C.M motion is coupled to the inner states only when the chain has interaction with the external potential. This result provides a realistic mechanism for the analysis of the inner-environment-induced localization of a macroscopic object.
The dynamical and information aspects of the behaviour of complex physical systems are considered. In classical physics the information coupling appears in the interaction of nonlinear systems with stohastic behaviour when a small external perturbation may greatly alter the paths of a classical system in phase space. In quantum systems the information coupling to the environment appears in measurement processes when the coherence of the wave function of a quantum object is destroyed and corresponding information appears in the external environment. These processes can be described in terms of the collapse of wave functions. Numerous examples of the collapse are considered, including those leading to the classical behaviour of macroscopic bodies with the information coupling to a nonequilibrium environment. The Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox is discussed in detail together with its possible role in the processes of information transfer over a distance.
Under the influence of external environments, quantum systems can undergo various different processes, including decoherence and equilibration. We observe that macroscopic objects are both objective and thermal, thus leading to the expectation that both objectivity and thermalisation can peacefully coexist on the quantum regime too. Crucially, however, objectivity relies on distributed classical information that could conflict with thermalisation. Here, we examine the overlap between thermal and objective states. We find that in general, one cannot exist when the other is present. However, there are certain regimes where thermality and objectivity are more likely to coexist: in the high temperature limit, at the non-degenerate low temperature limit, and when the environment is large. This is consistent with our experiences that everyday-sized objects can be both thermal and objective.