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Revista Mexicana de Física

Derivative matrix and scattering matrix

Octavio Cano Corona

Published May 10, 2009• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

THE PRESENT NOTE ANALYSES THE DYNAMICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SCATTERING DUE TO A SHORT RANGE POTENTIAL. IN PARTICULAR, IT DEVELOPS A CLASS OF TRANSFORMS THAT ARE USEFUL FOR THIS DYNAMICAL DESCRIPTION. A TIME-DEPENDENT GREEN FUNCTION FOR THE SCATTERING PROCESS IS DISCUSSED, THAT TAKES US FROM THE INITIAL STATE (PLANE WAVE) TO THE FINAL STATE (PLANE PLUS SCATTERED WAVES). THIS GREEN FUNCTION CAN BE USED TO GIVER THE MOTION OF ANY WAVE PACKET THAT INITIALLY WAS OUTSIDE THE POTENTIAL. THE PRESENT PAPER COMPLEMENTS A PREVIOUS DYNAMICAL DESCRIPTION OF A SCATTERING PROCESS, IN WHICH THE INTERACTION WAS REPRESENTED BY APPROPRIATE BOUNDARY.

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THE PRESENT NOTE ANALYSES THE DYNAMICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SCATTERING DUE TO A SHORT RANGE POTENTIAL. IN PARTICULAR, IT DEVELOPS A CLASS OF TRANSFORMS THAT ARE USEFUL FOR THIS DYNAMICAL DESCRIPTION. A TIME-DEPENDENT GREEN FUNCTION FOR THE SCATTERING PROCESS IS DISCUSSED, THAT TAKES US FROM THE INITIAL STATE (PLANE WAVE) TO THE FINAL STATE (PLANE PLUS SCATTERED WAVES). THIS GREEN FUNCTION CAN BE USED TO GIVER THE MOTION OF ANY WAVE PACKET THAT INITIALLY WAS OUTSIDE THE POTENTIAL. THE PRESENT PAPER COMPLEMENTS A PREVIOUS DYNAMICAL DESCRIPTION OF A SCATTERING PROCESS, IN WHICH THE INTERACTION WAS REPRESENTED BY APPROPRIATE BOUNDARY.
THE PRESENT NOTE ANALYSES THE DYNAMICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SCATTERING DUE TO A SHORT RANGE POTENTIAL. IN PARTICULAR, IT DEVELOPS A CLASS OF TRANSFORMS THAT ARE USEFUL FOR THIS DYNAMICAL DESCRIPTION. A TIME-DEPENDENT GREEN FUNCTION FOR THE SCATTERING PROCESS IS DISCUSSED, THAT TAKES US FROM THE INITIAL STATE (PLANE WAVE) TO THE FINAL STATE (PLANE PLUS SCATTERED WAVES). THIS GREEN FUNCTION CAN BE USED TO GIVER THE MOTION OF ANY WAVE PACKET THAT INITIALLY WAS OUTSIDE THE POTENTIAL. THE PRESENT PAPER COMPLEMENTS A PREVIOUS DYNAMICAL DESCRIPTION OF A SCATTERING PROCESS, IN WHICH THE INTERACTION WAS REPRESENTED BY APPROPRIATE BOUNDARY.
IN THIS PAPER WE GIVE THE TIME DEPENDENT DESCRIPTION OF THE SCATTERING OF A WAVE PACKET BY A SHORT RANGE POTENTIAL. WE SHOW THAT WHEN THE WAVE PACKET IS INITIALLY OUTSIDE THE SCATTERER, IT IS POSIBLE TO INTRODUCE AN APPROPIATE TIME DEPENDENT GREEN FUNCTION TO DESCRIBE THE SCATTERING PROCESS. THIS GREEN FUNCTION WILL BE EVALUATED EXPLICITLY IN TERM OF ERROR INTEGRAL FUNCTIONS, AND THE ONLY PARAMETERS THAT APPEAR IN THE GREEN FUNCTION WILL BE THE POLES OF THE S MATRIX. FROM THE ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF THE GREEN FUNCTIOR WHEN T, WE OBTAIN RESTRICIONS ON THE POSITION OF THE POLES OF THE S MATRIX WHICH AGREE WITH THOSE DUE TO THE DEFINITION OF THE S IN TERMS OF THE DERIVATIVE MATRIX R. THE PRESENT ANALYSIS IS CARRIED OUT FOR ARBITRARY ANGULAR MOMENTUM.
IN APREVIOUS PAPER, WE HAVE STUDIED THE TIME DEPENDENT DESCRIPTION OF THE SCATTERING BY A GENERAL POTENTIAL, AND SHOWN THAT THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM OF THE TIME DEPENDENT GREEN FUNCTION OF THE PROBLEM SATISFIES DISPERSION RELATIONS. IN THIS PAPER WE OBTAIN THE EXPLICIT FORM OF THE TIME DEPENDENT GREEN FUNCTION FOR A POTENTIAL OF THE BARGMANN TYPE, AND DISCUSS THE RELATION BETWEEN THE TIME DPENDENT BEHAVOIR OF THE GREEN FUNCTION AND THE POSITION OF THE POLES AND ZEROS OF S(K) IN THE COMPLEX WAVE NUMBER PLANE.
THE PURPOSE OF THE PRESENT IS TO FIND THE RELATION BETWEEN THE S-MATRIX FORMALISM AND THE DESCRIPTION OF INTERACTIONS BY MEANS OF BOUNDARY CONDITIONS. IT IS SHOWN THAT IN THE ABSENCE OF AN ESSENTIAL SINGULARITY AT -- FOR ----, THE DYNAMICAL DESCRIPTION SUGESTED IN A NATURAL WAY BY THE S-FORMALISM, GIVES THE SAME TIME-DEPENDENT WAVE FUNCTIONS THAT ARE OBTAINED WHEN THE INTERACTIONS ARE REPRESENTED BY BOUNDARY CONDITIONS. THE DYNAMICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE S-FORMALISM IS EXTENDED TO THE CASE WHERE ----- MAY HAVE AN ESSENTIAL SINGULARITY AT ---.
The time-dependent theory of scattering is reformulated. In §1, it is developed on the basis of a new limiting process which is self-consistent, and the equivalence is shown of Heisenberg's S-matrix and Dyson's one, when the total Hamiltonian permits the existence of bound states. In §2, a theory of scattering of wave packet is proposed in conformity with the physical picture. The damping factor e−ε|t| is derived from the amplitude of the wave packet. In §3, the rearrangement scattering is treated on the basis of the wave packet formalism.
We derive and explain the key ideas behind a time-dependent formulation of quantum scattering theory, applicable generally to systems with a finite-range scattering potential. The scattering is initiated and probed by plane wave packets, which are localized just outside the range of the potential. The asymptotic limits of conventional scattering theory (initiation in the remote past; detection in the remote future) are not taken. Instead, the differential cross section (DCS) is obtained by projecting the scattered wave packet onto the probe plane wave packets. The projection also yields a time-dependent version of the DCS. Cuts through the wave packet, just as it exits the scattering potential, yield time-dependent and time-independent angular distributions that give a close-up picture of the scattering which complements the DCS. We have previously applied the theory to interpret experimental cross sections of chemical reactions [e.g., S. C. Althorpe, F. Fern\'andez-Alonso, B. D. Bean, J. D. Ayers, A. E. Pomerantz, R. N. Zare, and E. Wrede, Nature (London) 416, 67 (2002)]. This paper gives the derivation of the theory, and explains its relation to conventional scattering theory. For clarity, the derivation is restricted to spherical-particle scattering, though it may readily be extended to general multichannel systems. We illustrate the theory using a simple application to hard-sphere scattering.