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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR)

Generation of a cold atomic beam with a near-field optical funnel

Akifumi Takamizawa, Hajime Ito, Motoichi Ohtsu

Published Nov 13, 2002• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

A cold Rb atomic beam with a low velocity of 0.10 m/s and a dense flux of 8.3/spl times/10/sup 12/ atom/spl middot/cm/sup 2//s can be generated from a magneto-optical trap by an atom funnel.
DOI
10.1109/cleopr.2001.967949

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We demonstrated an atom funnel using blue-detuned near-field light. Cold Rb atoms generated by a magneto-optical trap (MOT) were introduced into the funnel and the output atoms were counted by an accumulative MOT detection system. The number of cold Rb atoms outputted from a 200-/spl mu/m exit hole was maximal at a blue detuning of 1.2 GHz under Sisyphus cooling. The flux intensity was estimated to be 10/sup 5/ atoms/cm/sup 2/s. To increase the flux intensity up to 10/sup 13/ atoms/cm/sup 2/s, we made an atom funnel with a 2-/spl mu/m exit hole.
We use a magneto-optical trap as an integrating counter for descending cold atoms. In the case of cold 87 Rb atoms with an initial mean temperature of 9 µK, 60% of the total number of 2.6 × 10 7 are captured after a 26-cm free-fall and trapped for a long time of 270 s. From the capture efficiency and the decay time, the minimum detectable flux intensity of a cold 87 Rb atomic beam is estimated to be 2 × 10 5 atom/cm 2 ·s. The atom-counting system is used for detection and evaluation of a cold atomic beam produced out of a near-field optical funnel.
Multireflection of cold Rb atoms occurs inside a reversed triangular hollow prism with a blue-detuned optical near field. We examine it with a probe light beam, using the frequency detuning and the diameter of an excitation light beam as parameters. In the first bounce, the number density of the reflected atoms reaches a maximum of 10 6 atom/cm 3 at a blue detuning of 0.7 GHz when the beam diameter is 4 mm. The Rb atoms repeat reflection with a period of about 15 ms and an efficiency of 83% per bounce. A cold Rb atomic beam with a high flux of 4 × 10 11 atom/(cm 2 ·s) can be generated through a near-field optical funnel composed of the prism.
We demonstrate an experimental setup for the production of a beam source of cold 87Rb atoms. The atoms are extracted from a trapped cold atomic cloud in an unbalanced three-dimensional magneto—optical trap. Via a radiation pressure difference generated by a specially designed leak tunnel along one trapping laser beam, the atoms are pushed out continuously with low velocities and a high flux. The most-probable velocity in the beam is varied from 9 m/s to 19 m/s by varying the detuning of the trapping laser beams in the magneto—optical trap and the flux can be tuned up to 4×109 s−1 by increasing the intensity of the trapping beams. We also present a simple model for describing the dependence of the beam performance on the magneto—optical trap trapping laser intensity and the detuning.