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Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

Atomic trapping in a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap

H.S. Lee, Sung Hoon Yang, Brain K. Kwon, J.D. Park, S.J. Park, H. Cho, Han Seb Moon, J.B. Kim

Published Dec 24, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We could trap rubidium atoms in two-dimensional configuration using two pairs of counterpropagating laser beams in a magneto-optical trap. The trapped atomic cloud was line-shape of 10-mm long and /spl sim/1.5 mm in diameter along the crossing of the laser beams. The probe-beam absorption spectrum was observed and from which the number of trapped atoms was estimated to be about 1/spl times/10/sup 6/.

DOI
10.1109/cpem.1996.546655

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We could trap rubidium atoms in two-dimensional configuration using two pairs of counterpropagating laser beams in a magneto-optical trap. The trapped atomic cloud was line-shape of 10-mm long and /spl sim/1.5 mm in diameter along the crossing of the laser beams. The probe-beam absorption spectrum was observed and from which the number of trapped atoms was estimated to be about 1/spl times/10/sup 6/.
Using a blue detuned laser shaped in a Laguerre-Gaussian donut mode we highly collimate the output of a two dimensional magneto-optical trap. The resulting atomic beam has a 1 mm diameter, its divergence is reduced from 40 down to 3 mrad and the atomic density is increased by a factor of 200. The collimation effect has been studied versus the order of the Laguerre-Gaussian mode (up to 10) and the laser atom frequency detuning (2 to 120 GHz). The 2D-colli-MOT study allows us to determine the best conditions which minimize the atom heating due to residual light absorption and optimize the collimation effect. The 2D-colli MOT could provide a new tool to fill a 3D-MOT using lasers with millimeter range diameters and thus sparing the laser power.
Spectral characteristics of rubidium atoms confined in a dark magneto-optical trap (DMOT) are measured, including probe absorption spectra and atom density as a function of the cooling and repumping laser frequencies. The trap can capture and cool more than 2.5 × 10 8 rubidium atoms, confining them in a hyperfine state weakly perturbed by the laser beams used to form the trap. The optical density of the trapped atomic cloud approaches 9. A qualitative model of the DMOT operation is presented, based on the experimental results obtained.
We report on the observation of a new laser trap for neutral atoms. It uses three orthogonal pairs of counterpropagating laser beams having linear polarizations at 45° and a quadrupole magnetic field. 10 8 cesium atoms were thus confined in a 0.15 mm 3 volume at a temperature of 60 μK, a factor of 2 below the Doppler cooling limit. We interpret this trapping as being due to the new magneto-optical force recently observed by Grimm et al. and which is essentially a dipole force rectified by the magnetic field. This trap opens new possibilities for increasing the phase-space density of laser-cooled atoms.
We describe the apparatus of a dark-line two-dimensional (2D) magneto-optical trap (MOT) of (85)Rb cold atoms with high optical depth (OD). Different from the conventional configuration, two (of three) pairs of trapping laser beams in our 2D MOT setup do not follow the symmetry axes of the quadrupole magnetic field: they are aligned with 45° angles to the longitudinal axis. Two orthogonal repumping laser beams have a dark-line volume in the longitudinal axis at their cross over. With a total trapping laser power of 40 mW and repumping laser power of 18 mW, we obtain an atomic OD up to 160 in an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) scheme, which corresponds to an atomic-density-length product NL = 2.05 × 10(15) m(-2). In a closed two-state system, the OD can become as large as more than 600. Our 2D MOT configuration allows full optical access of the atoms in its longitudinal direction without interfering with the trapping and repumping laser beams spatially. Moreover, the zero magnetic field along the longitudinal axis allows the cold atoms maintain a long ground-state coherence time without switching off the MOT magnetic field, which makes it possible to operate the MOT at a high repetition rate and a high duty cycle. Our 2D MOT is ideal for atomic-ensemble-based quantum optics applications, such as EIT, entangled photon pair generation, optical quantum memory, and quantum information processing.
We present a novel configuration of a magneto-optical trap for cold atoms. The trap is very simple in design, employing only a small permanent magnet and an external Helmholtz bias coil. The trap's principal advantage is that the entire volume of the overlapping laser beams can be used for atom guiding and manipulation. An especially interesting effect is the rotation of the trapped atoms in circular motion as the permanent magnet is rotated. Clouds containing on the order of 2*10(6) atoms are rotated up to 60Hz forming a 5 mm diameter ring. This rotation can potentially be used in studying the behavior of cold atoms in 2-dimensional potential as well as applications for rotational sensors. We also present a classical theoretical model to simulate the experiment.