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European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC)

Quantum interference of non-diffracting beams

Solange Bessa Cavalcanti, J. Miguel Hickmann, E. J. S. Fonseca

Published Nov 15, 2004• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Superimposed Bessel beams self-imaging effect is investigated using photon pairs produced by a spontaneous parametric down-conversion source, instead of classical light. Results show that the photon pairs transmitted by the two annular slits form an interference pattern analogous to the ones produced by the Talbot effect, which can be explained using a theory based on the angular spectrum transference from the pump field to the photon pairs.

DOI
10.1109/eqec.2003.1314272

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Superimposed Bessel beams self-imaging effect is investigated using photon pairs produced by a spontaneous parametric down-conversion source, instead of classical light. Results show that the photon pairs transmitted by the two annular slits form an interference pattern analogous to the ones produced by the Talbot effect, which can be explained using a theory based on the angular spectrum transference from the pump field to the photon pairs.
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Summary form only given. We demonstrate a proof-of-principle experiment of quantum lithography utilizing parametric down-converted photons and a transmission grating, and show that the diffraction of a multiphoton state can be also explained by the concept of the photonic de Broglie wave. Pairs of frequency-degenerate photons were collinearly generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in a 5 mm long KNbO/sub 3/ (KN) crystal pumped by the second harmonic light of a single longitudinal mode Ti:sapphire laser operating at 861.5 nm. The photon pairs were diffracted by a transmission grating (slit width: 125 /spl mu/m, period: 250 /spl mu/m), placed just after the KN crystal. In this geometry, each photon pair passes together through one of the grating slits. By rotating a mirror, we recorded spatial diffraction-interference patterns at a two-photon detector consisting of two avalanche photodiodes. For comparison, we also observed diffraction-interference patterns of chaotic light from a tungsten lamp using the same apparatus.
We present the results from a non-diffracting optical beam experiment that utilizes extremely low power levels (single-photon). The non-diffracting beam has a Bessel spatial distribution and demonstrates interesting single-photon self-interference effects such as spatial confinement. The single-photon Bessel beam is generated using two means: (1) an attenuated HeNe laser beam that statistically provides a single photon flux through the optical system, and (2) one photon from a pair of quantum entangled twin photons produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in a Beta Barium Borate (BBO) crystal pumped by a UV laser. The entangled nature of the single-photon Bessel beam using the SPDC source provides a high level of discrimination from ambient background noise photons that would otherwise severely limit the utility of such a technique to dark enclosures. The HeNe laser on the other hand, provides higher photon count rates and is more convenient to work with in contrast to the entangled photon source. We verify that a single-photon Bessel beam reforms itself beyond a circular obscuration by measuring the transmitted spatial distribution.
We present one- and two-photon diffraction and interference experiments involving parametric down-converted photon pairs. By controlling the divergence of the pump beam in parametric down-conversion, the diffraction-interference pattern produced by an object changes from a quantum (perfectly correlated) case to a classical (uncorrelated) one. The observed diffraction and interference patterns are accurately reproduced by Fourier-optical analysis taking into account the quantum spatial correlation. We show that the relation between the spatial correlation and the object size plays a crucial role in the formation of both one- and two-photon diffraction-interference patterns.