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Chinese Optics Letters

Performance analysis of LDPC code based on Watermark scheme in high-speed optical communication system

Wenxue He, Wenbo Zhang, Chao Li Chao Li, Lixia Xi Lixia Xi, Xiaoguang Zhang, Yaojun Qiao

Published Jan 1, 2015• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We study the decoding performance of low-density parity-check (LDPC) code based on Watermark scheme under different percentages of water-mark bits over 100 Gb/s differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) high-speed optical communication system. We also find the optimum percentage of water-mark bits according to the performance comparison. Simulation result shows an improvement of 0.5 dB net code gain by using the optimum Watermark scheme at a post-forward error correction bit error rate (BER) of 10-9, comparing with the traditional log-likelihood ratios belief propagation decoding algorithm. Also, for the same BER, there is a decrease in the number of iterations used in LDPC decoding.

DOI
10.3788/col201513.s10601

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We study the decoding performance of low-density parity-check (LDPC) code based on Watermark scheme under different percentages of water-mark bits over 100 Gb/s differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) high-speed optical communication system. We also find the optimum percentage of water-mark bits according to the performance comparison. Simulation result shows an improvement of 0.5 dB net code gain by using the optimum Watermark scheme at a post-forward error correction bit error rate (BER) of 10-9, comparing with the traditional log-likelihood ratios belief propagation decoding algorithm. Also, for the same BER, there is a decrease in the number of iterations used in LDPC decoding.
In the paper, we construct the non-binary quasi-cyclic low-density parity check (NB-QC-LDPC) code from the quasi-cyclic low-density parity check (QC-LDPC) code. The NB-QC-LDPC code over the Galois field GF(4) is suitable for 100Gb/s optical communication systems with QPSK or DQPSK modulation formats. We also study the bit error ratio (BER) performance of the NB-QC-LDPC code by using the Log-Fourier Sum and Product decoding algorithm (LFSPA). The numerical results show that the NB-QC-LDPC code with code length 500 can provide approximately 5.5dB coding gain at the BER of 910- and outperform QC-LDPC code by 0.7dB.
Quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check(QC-LDPC) codes have excellent performance,but in order to obtain the optimal performance on a specific channel,the decoding method needs to be modified to adapt to the corresponding channel model.In this paper,we apply QC-LDPC codes into the channel based on avalanche photodiode(APD) receiver in the space optical communication system.The main work is to analyze the error performance and modify the belief propagation(BP) iterative decoding algorithm that uses probability density function(PDF) of the output sequences in the multiplicative noise channel model.We introduce a new method to compute the log-likelihood ratio(LLR) initialization for the LLR-BP decoding in the APD receiver channel.The simulation results show that the adaptation of QC-LDPC decoding on the accurate Webb-Gaussian model has better performance than that on approximate asymmetric Gaussian model,and almost no additional hardware complexity is increased.Moreover,the former can bring more than 1 dB net coding gain compared with the latter at the bit error rate(BER) of 10-6 under ideal channel conditions.
Forward error correcting codes are successfully implemented in high speed communication for error-free transmission with high data rate. One such code is Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code. In this paper, Quasi Cyclic (QC) construction of LDPC code is used and we investigate the performance of various decoding algorithms of QC-LDPC code. Their performances in terms of error correction and complexity are compared. The speed of convergence of various decoding algorithms of LDPC code is analyzed by using the Density Evolution theory. With this thresholding in iterations, the BER performances of different algorithms are simulated. Our results show that the same BER performance can be achieved with reduced number of iterations or the speed of the system can be improved without much sacrifice in BER performance.
In this paper, we present a reduced-latency nonbinary low-density parity-check (LDPC) coded modulation scheme suitable for high-speed optical fiber communication featuring the layered LDPC decoding algorithm. The use of the layered decoder in place of the conventional flooding decoder helps reduce by half the number of iterations taken in decoding. This in turn reduces the decoding latency, increases the decoding throughput, and significantly lowers the power consumption at the receiving ends of optical transport networks. We show by using the experimental data collected from a 4-ary rate-0.8 LDPC-coded NRZ-DQPSK modulation system that layered decoding indeed halves the required number of decoding iterations. We also show that, in the back-to-back configuration, even with a single iteration of layered decoding, one can attain a 7 dB gain in performance at the bit error ratio (BER) of 10-5when compared to using only the maximum a posteriori probability detector output based on the Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (BCJR) algorithm.
Although low-density parity-check (LDPC) code has been proved as a powerful forward error correction code for fibre optic communication, its soft-decoding requires high quantisation resolution which is difficult to achieve for high-speed fibre-optic communication systems. A modification to LDPC decoding algorithms is proposed to effectively improve the performance at quantisation resolution as low as two-bit or one-bit. The good decoding performance of LDPC code for error correction is confirmed by experiment. Compared with the RS(255, 239) code commonly used in optical fibre communication, a Q-factor improvement of 2-dB is obtained in the experiment for an LDPC code with quasi-cyclic structure at the same redundancy as the RS code. Furthermore, the impacts of sampling phase and channel estimation using real data over the decoding performance are analysed.
Low-density parity-check code (LDPC) not only has good performance approaching the Shannon limit, but also has low decoding complexity and flexible structure. It is a research hot-spot in the field of channel coding in recent years and has a wide range of application prospects in optical communication systems. In this paper, the decoding aspects and performance of LDPC codes are analyzed and compared according to the bit error rate (BER) of LDPC codes. The computer simulation was carried out under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation. Through theoretical analysis and simulation results, this paper explores the way of multi-rate LDPC decoding.