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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Photoelectron spectra as a probe of double-core resonsance in two-electron atoms

R. Grobe, Stanley L. Haan, Joseph H. Eberly

Published May 1, 1996• 0 citations
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Abstract

The authors calculate photoelectron spectra for a two-electron atom under the influence of two external driving fields, using an essential states formalism. They focus on the regime of so-called coherence transfer, in which electron-electron correlation transfers field-induced photo-coherence from one electron to the other. In the case studied here, two laser fields are resonant with coupled atomic transitions, in the manner familiar from three-level dark-state spectroscopy. Dynamical two electron effects are monitored via the photoelectron energy spectrum. The authors show that the distribution of the photoelectron energies can be singly, doubly or triply peaked depending on the relative laser intensities. The electron spectra are independent of the turn-on sequence of the fields.

Related papers

Double-core resonance in two-electron atoms

R. Grobe, Stanley L. Haan, Joseph H. Eberly

We calculate photoelectron spectra for a two-electron atom under the influence of two external driving fields, using an essential states formalism. We focus on the regime of coherence transfer, in which electron-electron correlation transfers field-induced photocoherence from one electron to the other. In the case studied here, two laser fields are resonant with coupled atomic transitions, in the manner familiar from three-level dark-state spectroscopy. Dynamical two-electron effects are monitored via the photoelectron energy spectrum. We show that the distribution of the photoelectron energies can be singly, doubly, or triply peaked depending on the relative laser intensities. The electron spectra are independent of the turn-on sequence of the fields. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

Physical Review A•Aug 1, 1996•2 citations

Probing strong-field two-photon transitions through dynamic interference

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Abstract We demonstrate how strong-field multiphoton transitions between dynamically shifted atomic levels can be traced in the energy spectra of emitted photoelectrons. Applying an ultrafast and intense laser pulse, two-photon Rabi oscillations are induced between two bound states of an atom. A third photon from the same pulse directly ionizes the atom, thus the emitted photoelectrons coherently probe the underlying dynamics. As the instantaneous energy of photoelectrons follows the pulse intensity envelope, modulated by the ac Stark shifts, electrons emitted with the same energy but at different times—at the rising and falling edge of the pulse—will interfere leading to pronounced dynamic interference pattern in the spectra. We investigate this phenomenon both numerically and analytically by developing a minimal three-state model that incorporates two-photon coupling and dynamically shifted atomic levels. On the example of atomic lithium (2 s → → 4 s → continuum) we show how the individual ac Stark shifts and the two-photon Rabi frequency are reflected through the asymmetry, shifting and splitting of the interference structure of the computed photopeaks.

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Photoelectron spectra after multiphoton ionization of Li atoms in the one-photon Rabi-flopping regime

D. A. Tumakov, Dmitry A. Telnov, G. Plunien +1 more

We calculate two-dimensional photoelectron momentum distributions and energy spectra after multiphoton ionization of Li atoms subject to intense laser fields in the one-photon Rabi-flopping regime. The time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation is solved within the single-active-electron approximation using a model potential which reproduces accurately the binding energies and dipole matrix elements of the Li atom. Interaction with the external electromagnetic field is treated within the dipole approximation. We show that the Rabi oscillations of the population between the ground $2s$ state and the excited $2p$ state in the one-photon resonance regime are reflected in the energy spectra of emitted photoelectrons, which manifest interference structures with minima. Transformations of the interference structures in the photoelectron energy spectra caused by the variation of the laser peak intensity and pulse duration are analyzed.

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Observation of Continuum-Continuum Autler-Townes Splitting

Barry C. Walker, Matjaž Kaluža, B. Sheehy +2 more

Photoelectron energy spectra resulting from two-photon ionization of calcium atoms by 180 fs pulses have been studied as a function of wavelength (380--405 nm) and intensity ( $9\ensuremath{-}900\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{GW}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$). When the wavelength is tuned near the $4s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4p$ or $4s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s$ ionic core transition, the photoelectron peaks display a characteristic splitting proportional to the field strength and assignable to a two-electron continuum-continuum Autler-Townes effect. Spectra obtained by an essential-state model involving three coupled continua are compared to the experiment.

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Laser intensity effects in photoemission and photoelectron spectra produced in laser-induced autoionisation

Guanhua Yao, Zhizhan Xu

Strong laser-field-induced autoionisation in the presence of both photoionising and radiative decay of the autoionising state (AS) is investigated, focusing on the laser intensity dependence of the photoemission and photoelectron spectra. In contrast to previous predictions, power broadening and increasing reduction of the doublet peak heights with field strength are found in the photoemission spectrum. Similar effects leading to considerable suppression and even complete disappearance of the lowest-order peaks in the photoelectron spectrum, together with peak switching, are also demonstrated, which are closely related to above-threshold ionisation. In addition, it is suggested that the total number of energetic photoelectrons may serve as an alternative to measuring the atomic parameters of the AS. All these effects are attributed to the presence of the strong 'probe': laser-induced decay of the AS.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Jul 14, 1989•0 citations

Dynamically induced absorption and stimulated emission in coherently driven atomic systems

Constantine Mavroyannis

We have calculated the excitation spectra of a single electron in the excited state of a three-level atom interacting with two off-resonant laser fields at high intensities. We have also considered the process where one laser photon is absorbed by the ground state, as well as a Raman-type process where one photon of one of the laser fields is emitted while another photon of the other laser field is absorbed simultaneously by the second excited state of the atom. The net excitation spectra of the three processes in question consist of two peaks having always positive intensities indicating induced absorption (attenuation) and a third peak which has positive, zero and negative intensities for values of the Rabi frequencies , and , respectively. When , the Raman-type process prevails over the other two, and the resulting peak has a negative intensity indicating that significant amplification is likely to occur at the corresponding frequency.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Feb 14, 1996•2 citations
The authors calculate photoelectron spectra for a two-electron atom under the influence of two external driving fields, using an essential states formalism. They focus on the regime of so-called coherence transfer, in which electron-electron correlation transfers field-induced photo-coherence from one electron to the other. In the case studied here, two laser fields are resonant with coupled atomic transitions, in the manner familiar from three-level dark-state spectroscopy. Dynamical two electron effects are monitored via the photoelectron energy spectrum. The authors show that the distribution of the photoelectron energies can be singly, doubly or triply peaked depending on the relative laser intensities. The electron spectra are independent of the turn-on sequence of the fields.
We calculate photoelectron spectra for a two-electron atom under the influence of two external driving fields, using an essential states formalism. We focus on the regime of coherence transfer, in which electron-electron correlation transfers field-induced photocoherence from one electron to the other. In the case studied here, two laser fields are resonant with coupled atomic transitions, in the manner familiar from three-level dark-state spectroscopy. Dynamical two-electron effects are monitored via the photoelectron energy spectrum. We show that the distribution of the photoelectron energies can be singly, doubly, or triply peaked depending on the relative laser intensities. The electron spectra are independent of the turn-on sequence of the fields. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Abstract We demonstrate how strong-field multiphoton transitions between dynamically shifted atomic levels can be traced in the energy spectra of emitted photoelectrons. Applying an ultrafast and intense laser pulse, two-photon Rabi oscillations are induced between two bound states of an atom. A third photon from the same pulse directly ionizes the atom, thus the emitted photoelectrons coherently probe the underlying dynamics. As the instantaneous energy of photoelectrons follows the pulse intensity envelope, modulated by the ac Stark shifts, electrons emitted with the same energy but at different times—at the rising and falling edge of the pulse—will interfere leading to pronounced dynamic interference pattern in the spectra. We investigate this phenomenon both numerically and analytically by developing a minimal three-state model that incorporates two-photon coupling and dynamically shifted atomic levels. On the example of atomic lithium (2 s → → 4 s → continuum) we show how the individual ac Stark shifts and the two-photon Rabi frequency are reflected through the asymmetry, shifting and splitting of the interference structure of the computed photopeaks.
We calculate two-dimensional photoelectron momentum distributions and energy spectra after multiphoton ionization of Li atoms subject to intense laser fields in the one-photon Rabi-flopping regime. The time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation is solved within the single-active-electron approximation using a model potential which reproduces accurately the binding energies and dipole matrix elements of the Li atom. Interaction with the external electromagnetic field is treated within the dipole approximation. We show that the Rabi oscillations of the population between the ground 2s2s2s state and the excited 2p2p2p state in the one-photon resonance regime are reflected in the energy spectra of emitted photoelectrons, which manifest interference structures with minima. Transformations of the interference structures in the photoelectron energy spectra caused by the variation of the laser peak intensity and pulse duration are analyzed.
Photoelectron energy spectra resulting from two-photon ionization of calcium atoms by 180 fs pulses have been studied as a function of wavelength (380--405 nm) and intensity ( $9\ensuremath{-}900\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{GW}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$). When the wavelength is tuned near the $4s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4p$ or $4s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s$ ionic core transition, the photoelectron peaks display a characteristic splitting proportional to the field strength and assignable to a two-electron continuum-continuum Autler-Townes effect. Spectra obtained by an essential-state model involving three coupled continua are compared to the experiment.
Strong laser-field-induced autoionisation in the presence of both photoionising and radiative decay of the autoionising state (AS) is investigated, focusing on the laser intensity dependence of the photoemission and photoelectron spectra. In contrast to previous predictions, power broadening and increasing reduction of the doublet peak heights with field strength are found in the photoemission spectrum. Similar effects leading to considerable suppression and even complete disappearance of the lowest-order peaks in the photoelectron spectrum, together with peak switching, are also demonstrated, which are closely related to above-threshold ionisation. In addition, it is suggested that the total number of energetic photoelectrons may serve as an alternative to measuring the atomic parameters of the AS. All these effects are attributed to the presence of the strong 'probe': laser-induced decay of the AS.
We have calculated the excitation spectra of a single electron in the excited state of a three-level atom interacting with two off-resonant laser fields at high intensities. We have also considered the process where one laser photon is absorbed by the ground state, as well as a Raman-type process where one photon of one of the laser fields is emitted while another photon of the other laser field is absorbed simultaneously by the second excited state of the atom. The net excitation spectra of the three processes in question consist of two peaks having always positive intensities indicating induced absorption (attenuation) and a third peak which has positive, zero and negative intensities for values of the Rabi frequencies , and , respectively. When , the Raman-type process prevails over the other two, and the resulting peak has a negative intensity indicating that significant amplification is likely to occur at the corresponding frequency.