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Continuous Generation of Rubidium Vapor in a Hollow Core Photonic Band-Gap Fiber

Prathamesh S. Donvalkar, Sven Ramelow, Stéphane Clemmen, Alexander L. Gaeta

Published Jan 1, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate high optical depths of > 50 lasting over 100 minutes in a Rubidium filled PBGF using an off-resonant CW laser beam, which enables straightforward measurement of cross-phase modulation at the single photon level.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2015.ff2b.7

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Hollow-core band-gap fibers offer an unmatched platform for performing interactions of atoms/molecules with tightly confined light. I will review our recent research efforts on such interactions with rubidium atoms in these fibers. Article not available.

Frontiers in Optics•Jan 1, 2008•1 citation
We demonstrate high optical depths (50±5) that last for hours in rubidium-filled hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers, which represent a 1000× improvement over the operation times previously reported. We investigate the vapor generation mechanism using both a continuous wave and a pulsed light source, and find that the mechanism for generating the rubidium atoms is primarily due to thermal vaporization. The continuous generation of large vapor densities should enable measurements at the single-photon level by averaging over longer time scales.
Low-light-level optical nonlinearities are of significant interest for performing operations such as single-photon switching and quantum non-demolition measurements on single-photons. To evoke strong nonlinearities from singlephotons, one can enhance the matter-photon interaction using strongly nonlinear materials such as alkali vapors in combination with an appropriate geometry such as a waveguide, which provides a long interaction length while maintaining a small light mode area. We demonstrate for the first time that such a system can be experimentally realized by loading rubidium vapor inside a hollow-core photonic band-gap fiber. Using the technique of light-induced atomic desorption in this geometry, we have generated optical depths greater than 1000. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with control powers 1000 times lower than those used for hot vapor cells in a focused beam geometry. Working with such a high aspect ratio geometry requires us to identify and measure the various sources of decoherence via spectroscopy of desorbed atoms in the fiber. Using such techniques, we also estimate the temperature of the desorbing atoms inside the fiber. The desorption mechanism is studied, and we show that pulsed desorption beams of the right amplitude and duration can be used for generating precisely controlled optical depths. Finally, we investigate the use of various buffer gas techniques for increasing the effective transverse path of the atoms as they move across the fiber in order to reduce their ground state decoherence and map this effect as a function of buffer gas pressure.
We describe the loading of laser-cooled rubidium atoms into a single-mode hollow-core photonic-crystal fiber. Inside the fiber, the atoms are confined by a far-detuned optical trap and probed by a weak resonant beam. We describe different loading methods and compare their trade-offs in terms of implementation complexity and atom-loading efficiency. The most efficient procedure results in loading of  30~30 30,000 rubidium atoms, which creates a medium with an optical depth of  180~180 180 inside the fiber. Compared to our earlier study [1] this represents a sixfold increase in the maximum achieved optical depth in this system.