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Journal of Electronic Imaging

Quantum signal processing-based visual cryptography with unexpanded shares

Surya Sarathi Das, Kaushik Das Sharma, Jayanta Kumar Chandra, Jitendranath Bera

Published Oct 15, 2015• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper proposes a visual cryptography scheme (VCS) based on quantum signal processing (QSP). VCS is an image encryption technique that is very simple in formulation and is secure. In (k,n)-VCS, a secret binary image is encoded into n share images and minimum k shares are needed to decrypt the secret image. The efforts to encrypt a grayscale image are few in number and the majority are related to grayscale to binary conversion. Thus, a generalized approach of encryption for all types of images, i.e., binary, gray, and color is needed. Here, a generic VCS is proposed based on QSP where all types of images can be encrypted without pixel expansion along with a smoothing technique to enhance the quality of the decrypted image. The proposed scheme is tested and compared for benchmark images, and the result shows the effectiveness of the scheme.

DOI
10.1117/1.jei.24.5.053026

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This paper proposes a visual cryptography scheme (VCS) based on quantum signal processing (QSP). VCS is an image encryption technique that is very simple in formulation and is secure. In (k,n)-VCS, a secret binary image is encoded into n share images and minimum k shares are needed to decrypt the secret image. The efforts to encrypt a grayscale image are few in number and the majority are related to grayscale to binary conversion. Thus, a generalized approach of encryption for all types of images, i.e., binary, gray, and color is needed. Here, a generic VCS is proposed based on QSP where all types of images can be encrypted without pixel expansion along with a smoothing technique to enhance the quality of the decrypted image. The proposed scheme is tested and compared for benchmark images, and the result shows the effectiveness of the scheme.
Quantum visual cryptography (QVC) improves the security of traditional schemes. However, current QVC schemes are mainly limited to encrypting black-and-white binary images. In this paper, a split-channel quantum color visual cryptography (QCVC) scheme based on multi-secret encryption is proposed. In the sharing phase, the color image is divided into three channels. After halftone processing, it is encoded as three secret images, and two shares are generated and distributed to two participants. In the recovery phase, the three-channel images are decoded after quantum OR operation. Finally, a merge is performed to recover the original color secret image. We validated the security and feasibility of the proposed scheme through experiments.
Inspired by Naor et al.'s visual secret sharing (VSS) scheme, a novel n out of n quantum visual secret sharing (QVSS) scheme is proposed, which consists of two phases: sharing process and recovering process. In the first process, the color information of each pixel from the original secret image is encoded into an n-qubit superposition state by using the strategy of quantum expansion instead of classical pixel expansion, and then these n qubits are distributed as shares to n participants, respectively. During the recovering process, all participants cooperate to collect these n shares of each pixel together, then perform the corresponding measurement on them, and execute the n-qubit XOR operation to recover each pixel of the secret image. The proposed scheme has the advantage of single-pixel parallel processing that is not available in the existing analogous quantum schemes and perfectly solves the problem that in the classic VSS schemes the recovered image has the loss in resolution. Moreover, its experiment implementation with the IBM Q is conducted to demonstrate the practical feasibility.
Image security for information has become increasingly critical as internet become more prevalent due to hacking and unauthorized access. To ensure the security of confidential image data, image encryption using visual cryptography plays a crucial role. To share multiple images using visual cryptography, the company organizer utilizes the concept of a universal or common share. Likewise, quantum computing is an emerging technology that facilitates secure communication. The ability of quantum computers to solve certain mathematical problems efficiently threatens the security of many current encryption algorithms. Hence, to leverage the strengths of quantum computing and visual cryptography, this research introduces a novel universal share-based quantum multi-secret sharing technique for secure image communication. Quantum computing enables the scheme to exhibit high resilience to different eavesdropping threats. Consequently, the proposed method offers robust security solution for sharing confidential images across a range of applications, including enterprise data access and military communications.
Secure data sharing is a deserving topic in wireless sensor networks. In order to deliver the information securely, we propose a (t, n) threshold quantum visual secret sharing (QVSS) scheme based on Naor et al.'s visual secret sharing (VSS) scheme, which consists of two phases: sharing process and recovering process. In the firs process, the colour information of each pixel from the original secret image is encoded into an n × m-qubit superposition state, and then these qubits are distributed as shares to all participants, respectively. During the recovering process, at least t participants cooperate to collect these shares of each pixel together, then perform the corresponding measurements and recovering algorithm to recover the whole secret image. The proposed scheme has the advantage of single-pixel parallel processing that is not available in the existing analogous quantum schemes. In addition, the performance evaluation of the scheme is discussed theoretically, and its experiment implementation with IBM Q is conducted to demonstrate the practical feasibility.
Secure data sharing is a deserving topic in wireless sensor networks. In order to deliver the information securely, we propose a (t, n) threshold quantum visual secret sharing (QVSS) scheme based on Naor et al.'s visual secret sharing (VSS) scheme, which consists of two phases: sharing process and recovering process. In the firs process, the colour information of each pixel from the original secret image is encoded into an n × m-qubit superposition state, and then these qubits are distributed as shares to all participants, respectively. During the recovering process, at least t participants cooperate to collect these shares of each pixel together, then perform the corresponding measurements and recovering algorithm to recover the whole secret image. The proposed scheme has the advantage of single-pixel parallel processing that is not available in the existing analogous quantum schemes. In addition, the performance evaluation of the scheme is discussed theoretically, and its experiment implementation with IBM Q is conducted to demonstrate the practical feasibility.
Abstract In this paper, a new quantum images encoding scheme is proposed. The proposed scheme mainly consists of four different encoding algorithms. The idea behind of the scheme is a binary key generated randomly for each pixel of the original image. Afterwards, the employed encoding algorithm is selected corresponding to the qubit pair of the generated randomized binary key. The security analysis of the proposed scheme proved its enhancement through both randomization of the generated binary image key and altering the gray-scale value of the image pixels using the qubits of randomized binary key. The simulation of the proposed scheme assures that the final encoded image could not be recognized visually. Moreover, the histogram diagram of encoded image is flatter than the original one. The Shannon entropies of the final encoded images are significantly higher than the original one, which indicates that the attacker can not gain any information about the encoded images .