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Advances in atomic, molecular, and optical physics

Optical Tests of Quantum Mechanics

R. Y. Chiao, Paul G. Kwiat, Aephraim M. Steinberg

Published Jan 1, 1994• 10 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/s1049-250x(08)60074-9

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Abstract Quantum mechanics has withstood every experimental test thus far. However, it relies on ad-hoc postulates which require experimental verification. Over the past decade there has been a great deal of research testing these postulates, with numerous tests of Born’s rule for determining probabilities and the complex nature of the Hilbert space being carried out. Although these tests are yet to reveal any significant deviation from textbook quantum theory, it remains important to conduct such tests in different configurations and using different quantum states. Here we perform the first such test using coherent states of light in a three-arm interferometer combined with homodyne detection. Our proposed configuration requires additional assumptions, but importantly allows us to use quantum states which exist in a larger Hilbert space compared to previous tests. For testing Born’s rule, we find that the third order interference is bounded to be κ = 0.002 ± 0.004 and for testing whether quantum mechanics is complex or not we find a Peres parameter of F = 1.0000 ± 0.0003 (F = 1 corresponds to the expected complex quantum mechanics). We also design and implement a test of Glauber’s theory of optical coherence.
The conflict between Quantum Mechanics (QM) and Local Realism is most noticeable in the correlations observed between distant regions of a spatially spread entangled state. It has been hypothesized that transient deviations (from the values predicted by QM) may be observed if the correlations are measured in a time shorter than L/c, where L is the spatial spread of the entangled state and c is the speed of light. This hypothesis is appealing for it solves that conflict by minimally modifying the interpretation of QM, and opens the door to potentially fruitful nonlinear generalizations of QM without the risk of allowing faster-than-light signaling. The hypothesis is technically impossible to test directly nowadays, but a stroboscopic test is attainable. We present the results of such a test performed on a specially designed optical Bell setup with a distance between stations up to 24 m in straight line. No difference with the same observations performed at short distance, or evidence of transient deviations, is found. Yet, several hypotheses are involved in this experiment; they are detailed and briefly discussed. To say the least, the space left for the hypothesis of transient deviations is much reduced.