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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Ghost interference with optical parametric amplifier

Sulakshana Thanvanthri, Morton H. Rubin

Published Dec 10, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We analyze visibility loss in photon counting experiments with an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) source. The effect of the finite coincidence window time and bandwidth of the source is calculated for the Ghost interference experiment.
DOI
10.1109/qels.2005.1548856

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The ``ghost'' interference experiment is analyzed when the source of entangled photons is a multimode optical parametric amplifier (OPA) whose weak limit is the two-photon spontaneous parametric down-conversion beam. The visibility of the double-slit pattern is calculated, taking the finite coincidence time window of the photon counting detectors into account. It is found that the coincidence window and the bandwidth of light reaching the detectors play a crucial role in the loss of visibility on coincidence detection, not only in the ghost interference experiment but in all experiments involving coincidence detection. The differences between the loss of visibility with two-mode and multimode OPA sources are also discussed.
The distinguishing of the multiphoton quantum interference effect from the classical one forms one of the most important issues in modern quantum mechanics and experimental quantum optics. For a long time, the two-photon interference (TPI) of correlated photons has been recognized as a pure quantum effect that cannot be simulated with classical lights. In the meantime, experiments have been carried out to investigate the classical analogues of the TPI. In this study, we conduct TPI experiments with uncorrelated photons with different center frequencies from a luminescent light source, and we compare our results with the previous ones of correlated photons. The observed TPI fringe can be expressed in the form of three phase terms related to the individual single-photon and two-photon states, and the fringe pattern is strongly affected by the two single-photon-interference fringes and also by their visibilities. With the exception of essential differences such as valid and accidental coincidence events within a given resolving time and the two-photon spectral bandwidth, the interference phenomenon itself exhibits the same features for both correlated and uncorrelated photons in the single-photon counting regime.
Parametric downconversion sources are intrinsically broadband; THz bandwidths are typical. Our recent proposal for long-distance qubit teleportation [1], however, requires a high-brightness narrowband source of polarization entanglement, to match the MHz linewidth of its trapped-atom quantum memory [2]. We have shown theoretically [3] that the polarization-combined outputs from a pair of coherently-pumped, doubly-resonant, optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs) will fulfill this need. That analysis employed a lumped-element model for the OPA behavior in the vicinity of the double resonance, and was sufficiently generic to include both type-I and type-II phase matching. In the present paper, we report a traveling-wave treatment of the type-II phase matched, doubly-resonant OPA. When restricted to frequencies close to the double resonance, the new analysis reproduces the lumped-element results. Without this restriction, however, a new quantum interference effect emerges: coincidence-counting dips and revivals in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer [4].