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Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

Three-wavelength optical frequency standard based on the two-photon transition in rubidium

Christine Latrasse, M. Poulin, Martin Allard, Driss Touahri, M. Têtu

Published Nov 7, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we consider an optical frequency standard offering three simultaneous frequencies at 193, 385 and 578 THz, based on a two-photon transition in rubidium and sum-frequency generation in a periodically poled lithium niobate. Also, we give the theoretical evaluation and measurements of systematic effects shifting the frequency of this standard.

DOI
10.1109/cpem.2000.851117

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In this paper, we consider an optical frequency standard offering three simultaneous frequencies at 193, 385 and 578 THz, based on a two-photon transition in rubidium and sum-frequency generation in a periodically poled lithium niobate. Also, we give the theoretical evaluation and measurements of systematic effects shifting the frequency of this standard.
We have developed frequency standards at 192.6 THz (1556.2 nm) based on the two-photon transitions in rubidium at 385.2 THz (778.1 nm). These standards use a high power DFB laser at 1556.2 nm and second harmonic generation (SHG) in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal. The linewidth of the DFB is reduced to the kHz level using optical feedback from a confocal cavity. The SH light is used to injection-lock a 778.1 nm laser diode which allows to observe and lock the 1556.2 nm laser to the (5S/sub 1/2/,F/sub g/=2-5D/sub 5/2/,F/sub e/=4) two-photon transition /sup 87/Rb. Allan variance measurements between identical standards show a beat stability 2.5/spl times/10/sup -13///spl tau//sup 1/2/ for observation times between 100 ms and 10 s and a level of 5.8/spl times/10/sup -14/ for 100 s is obtained. These standards have been moved recently to the National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada in order to measure their absolute frequency.
To transfer and expand in the optical telecommunication range the accurate 5S1/2(F = 3) – 5D5/2 (F = 5) rubidium frequency reference at 778 nm (385.285 THz), we employ a second harmonic generation (SHG) process coupled to an optical frequency comb (OFC) both based on the use of a low power and narrow linewidth laser diode operating around 1556 nm. The Rb optical frequency reference is known with an accuracy of 2.6 × 10−12 and exhibits a frequency stability of 4 × 10−13τ−1/2, with a Flicker plateau of 2 × 10−14 for τ > 200 s. With 20 mW of laser power at 1556 nm, we perform a SHG process in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal and we obtain 6.5 μW of harmonic radiation at 778 nm, used to phase lock the IR laser against a Rb optical frequency standard (OFS). This Rb-referenced fundamental radiation at 1556 nm is duplicated as 34 lines spaced by 10 GHz using an electro-optic phase modulator (EOM). This preliminary result is mainly limited by unexpected high optical losses in the Fabry Perot cavity, which comprises the EOM.