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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Coherent pulse propagation as a probe for wave packet dynamics

Carsten Weiss, Jochen Arlt, G. Torosyan, R. Beigang

Published Nov 27, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. A small-area femtosecond pulse propagates in a dispersive medium in a coherent fashion, if the relaxation times of the medium are compared with the pulse length for a long time. As a result, the pulse will be reshaped. This has been described by linear dispersion theory. Using Rydberg states of a molecular or an atomic gas as dispersive medium, the large spectral width of the femtosecond pulse can overlap with more than one level simultaneously. In this case, the shape of the propagated pulse reflects the temporal evolution of the Rydberg wave packet formed by the resonant Rydberg states.

DOI
10.1109/iqec.1998.680295

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Journal of Contemporary Physics (Armenian Academy of Sciences)•Aug 29, 2013•0 citations
Summary form only given. A small-area femtosecond pulse propagates in a dispersive medium in a coherent fashion, if the relaxation times of the medium are compared with the pulse length for a long time. As a result, the pulse will be reshaped. This has been described by linear dispersion theory. Using Rydberg states of a molecular or an atomic gas as dispersive medium, the large spectral width of the femtosecond pulse can overlap with more than one level simultaneously. In this case, the shape of the propagated pulse reflects the temporal evolution of the Rydberg wave packet formed by the resonant Rydberg states.
Summary form only given. Coherent propagation of small area femtosecond pulses in a dispersive medium leads to strong coherent interactions between the driving field and the excited atoms if the relaxation times of the medium are long compared with the pulse length. As a resuit, the shape of the propagating pulse will be characteristically modified. By use of atomic Rydberg states as the dispersive medium, a systematic study of coherent pulse propagation and interference effects can be performed.
Summary form only given. The formation and dynamics of wave packets has been investigated by means of various experimental techniques. In particular, the reshaping of femtosecond pulses transmitted through an atomic vapor was interpreted in terms of contracting and decaying wave packets in the case of atomic Rydberg wave packets excited in strontium vapor with femtosecond UV pulses.In this contribution we report on the observation of coherent pulse propagation in molecular vapors in the mid infrared spectral region. The coherent excitation of a whole manifold of rotational transitions in CO and N/sub 2/O vapor led to the formation of rotational wave packets.
In recent years longitudinal coherence of electron and neutron wave packets has been investigated,1,2 and it was shown that their coherence length remains unchanged even though the length of the wave packet increases on propagation.3,4 As pointed out in Ref. 3, one may expect that a similar result will hold for light that propagates in a dispersive medium. We present some new general theorems relating to an ensemble of identical 1-D optical pulses which propagate in a linear homogeneous medium of any given dispersive properties. In particular we derive a general expression for the mutual coherence function and for the cross-spectral density function of the pulse field in the medium in terms of the Fourier spectrum of a single pulse shape. The analysis brings out clearly the distinction (already noted in Ref. 4) between the coherence length and the coherence time of fields in dispersive media. We also show that the pulse field is spatially completely coherent at each frequency, even though the shape of each pulse changes on propagation. The results have potential application to interferometry with optical pulses and with de Broglie wave packets of elementary particles.
The propagation of ultrashort x-ray pulses through a resonant attenuating two-level atom medium is investigated on the basis of the temporal point-source (the Green-function) formalism. A general case of the small-area pulse (SAP) approximation of a traveling coherent wave is considered. The patterns of the SAP envelope E(t,z) and energy U(z) evolution within the medium are calculated in the cases of incident Lorentzian and exponential pulses and their dependence on the temporal bandwidth ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathrm{band}}$ in comparison with the total dissipative relaxation time (lifetime) T2{\mathrm{T}}_{2}T2​ . It is shown that if ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathrm{band}}$ is the same order or smaller than T2{\mathrm{T}}_{2}T2​ , the reshaping (oscillations) of the pulse envelope and/or low energy-loss effects occur in accord with the general conclusions pointed out by Crisp [Phys. Rev. A 1, 1604 (1970)] in the case of the SAP for coherent light traveling through a resonant medium. The experimental conditions for the observation of penetration effects of the SAP of x rays are discussed. Based on the theoretical study, it is found that an ultrashort x-ray pulse emitted by an ultrashort laser-produced plasma propagates through thin resonant medium foils with low energy loss.
Propagation of an ultrashort, small-area (circularly polarized) pulse through a gas medium of three-level atoms near one-photon resonance is studied. The expression for the propagating pulse shape is obtained within the rotating wave and dipole approximations. Results are compared, both analytically and numerically, with those for two-level model. Sinusoidal and Gaussian shapes of input pulses are compared, and a high sensitivity of modulation of the light pulse for envelope to its input shape is revealed.