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Acta Physica Sinica

Landau-Zener tunneling behaviors of Bose-Einstein condensates in a dichromatic optical lattice

Xi Yu-Dong, Denglong Wang, She Yan-Chao, Fengjiao Wang, Ding Jian-Wen, 湘潭大学物理系,纳米物理与稀土发光研究所,量子工程与微纳能源技术湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室,湘潭 411105

Published Jan 1, 2010• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

With considering Bose-Einstein condensates to be confined in a periodic dichromatic optical lattice, Bloch energy band structure and Landau-Zener tunneling behaviors of the first and second band gaps are studied in this paper. It is shown that when the relative phase between the two lattices increases from 0 to π, the width of the first band gap in the Bloch energy band increases, while the width of the second band gap decreases. Meanwhile, it is found that the depth and the relative phase between the two lattices have both an important effect on Landau-Zener tunneling properties.

DOI
10.7498/aps.59.3720

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With considering Bose-Einstein condensates to be confined in a periodic dichromatic optical lattice, Bloch energy band structure and Landau-Zener tunneling behaviors of the first and second band gaps are studied in this paper. It is shown that when the relative phase between the two lattices increases from 0 to π, the width of the first band gap in the Bloch energy band increases, while the width of the second band gap decreases. Meanwhile, it is found that the depth and the relative phase between the two lattices have both an important effect on Landau-Zener tunneling properties.
We report experimental results on the properties of Bose-Einstein condensates in one-dimensional optical lattices. By accelerating the lattice, we observed Bloch oscillations of the condensate in the lowest band, as well as Landau-Zener (LZ) tunneling into higher bands when the lattice depth was reduced and/or the acceleration of the lattice was increased. The dependence of the LZ tunneling rate on the condensate density was then related to mean-field effects modifying the effective potential acting on the condensate, yielding good agreement with recent theoretical work. We also present several methods for measuring the lattice depth and discuss the effects of the micromotion in the time-orbiting-potential trap on our experimental results.
In this paper, we develop a theory of the LZ tunneling between the lowest bands of a periodic potential. Our approach reveals the role of modulational instability (MI) on the atom transfer between zones as well as the effect of (partial) suppression of the MI by the lattice acceleration. Our consideration is based on the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, which in the two-zone approximation is reduced to the linearly coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations. In the presence of nonlinearity, the Bloch states can become unstable and localized states can appear in the gaps between bands (gap-solitons) in which can dramatically affect the atomic transfer rate. The stability properties constitute the main reason of asymmetry of the LZ tunneling
We report on experiments investigating quantum transport and band interferometry of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice with a two-band miniband structure, realized with a Fourier-synthesized optical lattice potential. Bloch-Zener oscillations, the coherent superposition of Bloch oscillations and Landau-Zener tunneling between the two bands are observed. When the relative phase between paths in different bands is varied, an interference signal is observed, demonstrating the coherence of the dynamics in the miniband system. Measured fringe patterns of this Stückelberg interferometer allow to interferometrically map out the band structure of the optical lattice over the full Brillouin zone.
We report on experiments investigating quantum transport and band interferometry of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice with a two-band miniband structure, realized with a Fourier-synthesized optical lattice potential. Bloch-Zener oscillations, the coherent superposition of Bloch oscillations and Landau-Zener tunneling between the two bands, are observed. When the relative phase between paths in different bands is varied, an interference signal is observed, demonstrating the coherence of the dynamics in the miniband system. Measured fringe patterns of this Stückelberg interferometer allow us to interferometrically map out the band structure of the optical lattice over the full Brillouin zone.