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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Semiconductor quantum dot-a quantum light source of multicolor photons with tunable statistics

D.V. Regelman, Udi Mizrahi, Winston Vaughan Schoenfeld, Pierre M. Petroff

Published Jun 25, 2003• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. We report on measurements of temporal correlations among multi-color photons emitted from cw optically excited single semiconductor quantum dots (SCQD). We show for the first time, that there is a tunable intensity correlation among photons emitted at the same and at different wavelengths due to the recombination of electron-hole (e-h) pairs from different collaborative quantum states. We show that the temporal correlations among the photons emitted by the SCQD change dramatically with the excitation power.

DOI
10.1109/qels.2002.1031033

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Summary form only given. We report on measurements of temporal correlations among multi-color photons emitted from cw optically excited single semiconductor quantum dots (SCQD). We show for the first time, that there is a tunable intensity correlation among photons emitted at the same and at different wavelengths due to the recombination of electron-hole (e-h) pairs from different collaborative quantum states. We show that the temporal correlations among the photons emitted by the SCQD change dramatically with the excitation power.
We investigate the intensity correlation properties of single photons emitted from an optically excited single semiconductor quantum dot. The second order temporal coherence function of the photons emitted at various wavelengths is measured as a function of the excitation power. We show experimentally and theoretically that a quantum dot is not only a source of nonclassically correlated monochromatic photons but is also a source of multicolor photons with tunable correlation properties. We found that the emitted photon statistics can be varied by the excitation rate from a sub-Poissonian one, where the photons are temporally antibunched, to super-Poissonian, where they are temporally bunched.
Summary form only given. Single-photon sources have recently been demonstrated using a variety of devices, including molecules, mesoscopic quantum wells, colour centers, trapped ions, and semiconductor quantum dots. These sources rarely emit two or more photons in the same pulse, compared to a Poisson-distributed source of the same intensity. Numerous applications for single-photon sources have been proposed in the field of quantum information. However, most, including linear-optical quantum computation, also require that consecutive photons have identical wave packets. For a source based on a single quantum emitter, the emitter must therefore be excited in a rapid or deterministic way, and interact little with its surrounding environment. Here, we test the indistinguishability of photons emitted by a semiconductor quantum dot in a microcavity through a Hong-Ou-Mandel-type two-photon interference experiment. We find that consecutive photons are largely indistinguishable, with a mean wave-packet overlap as large as 0.81, making this source useful in a variety of experiments in quantum optics and quantum information.
Summary form only given. A realization of time-bin entanglement obtained from quantum dots would join the strength of long distance transmission that characterizes this type of entanglement with the single photon state purity of the quantum dot emission. Compared with polarization entanglement from quantum dots this scheme does not require elimination of the fine structure splitting responsible for partial distinguishability of the quantum dot cascades [1].Here, we present our results on coherent and resonant excitation of quantum dots, creation of photon pairs, scattering free emission and measurement of the high purity of the emitted photons [2, 3]. In addition, we will show our measurements of the generated time-bin entanglement. To excite a single quantum dot we performed two-photon resonant excitation of the biexciton state. Here, we exploited the biexciton binding energy in order to use the laser light which was not resonant to any photon emitted from the quantum dot (Fig. 1a). Our measurements were performed on a single self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dot. We confirmed the resonant nature of the excitation by observing Rabi oscillations (Fig. 1b). Additionally, we performed Ramsey interference measurement and determined the coherence time of the ground-biexciton state superposition. These measurements show that we can coherently transfer the phase of the excitation laser onto the quantum dot system, a necessary requirement to obtain time-bin entanglement.To test the statistics of the emitted state we measured the auto-correlation of the emitted photons (Fig. 3c). Here, the auto-correlation parameter at zero delay was measured to be 0.012(1) without and 0.0073(8) with background subtraction. In addition, we performed a measurement to characterize the state emitted from a quantum dot using a witness-based criterion described in [4]. With this measurement we experimentally confirmed that the resonantly excited quantum dot emits a non-Gaussian state of light (Fig. 1d). This measurement is the first of this nature ever performed on a semiconductor single photon emitter.
We study, experimentally and theoretically, temporal correlations between the polarization of photon pairs emitted during the biexciton-exciton radiative cascade from a single semiconductor quantum dot, optically excited by a continuous-wave light source. The system is modeled by a Lindbladian coupled to two Markovian baths: One bath represents the continuous light source, and a second represents the emitted radiation. Very good agreement is obtained between the theoretical model that we constructed and a set of 36 different time-resolved, polarization correlation measurements between cascading photon pairs.
The development of linear quantum computing within integrated circuits demands high quality semiconductor single photon sources. In particular, for a reliable single photon source it is not sufficient to have a low multi-photon component, but also to possess high efficiency. We investigate the photon statistics of the emission from a single quantum dot with a method that is able to sensitively detect the trade-off between the efficiency and the multi-photon contribution. Our measurements show, that the light emitted from the quantum dot when it is resonantly excited possess a very low multi-photon content. Additionally, we demonstrated, for the first time, the non-Gaussian nature of the quantum state emitted from a single quantum dot.