Perfect fluids are characterized as having the smallest ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density, $\ensuremath{\eta}/s$, consistent with quantum uncertainty and causality. So far, nearly perfect fluids have only been observed in the quark-gluon plasma and in unitary atomic Fermi gases, exotic systems that are amongst the hottest and coldest objects in the known universe, respectively. We use angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy to measure the temperature dependence of an electronic analog of $\ensuremath{\eta}/s$ in an optimally doped cuprate high-temperature superconductor, finding it too is a nearly perfect fluid around, and above, its superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ .Perfect fluids are characterized as having the smallest ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density, $\ensuremath{\eta}/s$, consistent with quantum uncertainty and causality. So far, nearly perfect fluids have only been observed in the quark-gluon plasma and in unitary atomic Fermi gases, exotic systems that are amongst the hottest and coldest objects in the known universe, respectively. We use angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy to measure the temperature dependence of an electronic analog of $\ensuremath{\eta}/s$ in an optimally doped cuprate high-temperature superconductor, finding it too is a nearly perfect fluid around, and above, its superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$.

arXiv:1409.5820Physical Review BOct 13, 201436 citations

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{T}_{c}