Superfluidity in an Atomic Gas of Strongly Interacting Fermions

Wolfgang Ketterle

Wolfgang Ketterle, Yong-il Shin, André Schirotzek +1 more

After an introduction into 100 years of research on superfluidity and the concept of the BCS-BEC crossover, we describe recent experimental studies of a spin-polarized Fermi gas with strong interactions. Tomographically resolving the spatial structure of an inhomogeneous trapped sample, we have mapped out the superfluid phases in the parameter space of temperature, spin polarization, and interaction strength. Phase separation between the superfluid and the normal component occurs at low temperatures, showing spatial discontinuities in the spin polarization. The critical polarization of the normal gas increases with stronger coupling. Beyond a critical interaction strength all minority atoms pair with majority atoms, and the system can be effectively described as a boson-fermion mixture. Pairing correlations have been studied by rf spectroscopy, determining the fermion pair size and the pairing gap energy in a resonantly interacting superfluid.

Wolfgang Ketterle, Yong-il Shin, André Schirotzek +1 more

W. Zwerger

The universal thermodynamic functions of a superfluid formed from a fermion gas of strongly interacting lithium atoms have been measured precisely.

Yi Yu, Qijin Chen

M. Bartenstein, A. Altmeyer, S. Riedl +5 more

The paper gives an overview of the recent developments in the field of ultracold fermionic quantum gases. In particular, results obtained on an ultracold spin-mixture of /sup 6/Li atoms in a series of experiments performed in Innsbruck is presented . Bose-Einstein condensation of strongly bound atom pairs (molecules) , the reversible crossover to a degenerate Fermi gas, measurements of collective excitation modes, and spectroscopic observation of pairing in a strongly interacting Fermi gas of atoms are also discussed. The experimental results provide strong evidence for superfluidity.