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Revista Mexicana de Física

On the possibility of experimental observation of diffraction in the time effects

José Goldemberg

Published May 10, 2009• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

MOSHINSKY´S RESULTS ON ”DIFFRACTION IN TIME” ARE EXTENDED TO THE CASE OF A RECTANGULAR PULSE. BESIDES INTERFERENCE EFFECTS OF THE TYPE STUDIED BY MOSHINSKY THERE APPEARS ALSO THE WELL KNOWN QUANTUM MECHANICAL SPREADING EFFECT. RISE TIME AND MONOCHROMATICITY REQUIREMENTS SEEM TO PRECLUDE THE POSSIBILITY OF EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION OF THE INTERFERENCE EFFECTS, SO THAT THEY NEED NOT BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT IN NEUTRON VELOCITY SELECTORS. THE DETECTION OF THE SPREADING, WICH IS SUBJECT TO WEAKER REQUIREMENTS, WOULD PROVIDE A DIRECT TEST OF THE UNCERTAINTY RELATION.

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MOSHINSKY´S RESULTS ON ”DIFFRACTION IN TIME” ARE EXTENDED TO THE CASE OF A RECTANGULAR PULSE.BESIDES INTERFERENCE EFFECTS OF THE TYPE STUDIED BY MOSHINSKY, THERE APPEARS ALSO THE WELL KNOWN QUANTUM MECHANICAL SPREADING EFFECT. RISE TIME AND MONOCHROMATICITY REQUIREMENTS SEEM TO PRECLUDE THE POSSIBILITY OF EXPERIMENTAL OBSEVATION OF THE INTERFERENCE EFFECTS, SO THAT THEY NEED NOT BE TAKEN ACCOUNT IN NEUTRON VELOCITY SELECTORS. THE DETECTION OF THE SPREADING, WICH IS SUBJECT TO WEAKER REQUIREMENTS WOULD PROVIDE A DIRECT TEST OF THE UNCERTAINTY RELATION.

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MOSHINSKY´S RESULTS ON ”DIFFRACTION IN TIME” ARE EXTENDED TO THE CASE OF A RECTANGULAR PULSE. BESIDES INTERFERENCE EFFECTS OF THE TYPE STUDIED BY MOSHINSKY THERE APPEARS ALSO THE WELL KNOWN QUANTUM MECHANICAL SPREADING EFFECT. RISE TIME AND MONOCHROMATICITY REQUIREMENTS SEEM TO PRECLUDE THE POSSIBILITY OF EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION OF THE INTERFERENCE EFFECTS, SO THAT THEY NEED NOT BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT IN NEUTRON VELOCITY SELECTORS. THE DETECTION OF THE SPREADING, WICH IS SUBJECT TO WEAKER REQUIREMENTS, WOULD PROVIDE A DIRECT TEST OF THE UNCERTAINTY RELATION.
MOSHINSKY´S RESULTS ON ”DIFFRACTION IN TIME” ARE EXTENDED TO THE CASE OF A RECTANGULAR PULSE.BESIDES INTERFERENCE EFFECTS OF THE TYPE STUDIED BY MOSHINSKY, THERE APPEARS ALSO THE WELL KNOWN QUANTUM MECHANICAL SPREADING EFFECT. RISE TIME AND MONOCHROMATICITY REQUIREMENTS SEEM TO PRECLUDE THE POSSIBILITY OF EXPERIMENTAL OBSEVATION OF THE INTERFERENCE EFFECTS, SO THAT THEY NEED NOT BE TAKEN ACCOUNT IN NEUTRON VELOCITY SELECTORS. THE DETECTION OF THE SPREADING, WICH IS SUBJECT TO WEAKER REQUIREMENTS WOULD PROVIDE A DIRECT TEST OF THE UNCERTAINTY RELATION.
DOCTOR MARCOS MOSHINSKY AND THE AUTHOR HAVE BEEN INDEPENDETLY INTERESTED IN THE SUBJECT. RECENTLY, DOCTOR MOSHINSKY HAS SHOWN THE EQUIVALENCE BETWEEN HIS OWN TREATMENT AND THE AUTHORS.OUR METHOD IN THIS PROBLEM IS ESSENTIALLY BASED ON MINKOWSKIS SPACE- TIME GEOMETRY ANDE FRESNELS INTUITIVE TREATMENT OF DIFFRACTION. IN THIS WAY, THE FUNDAMENTAL FORMULAS OF WAVE MECHANICS COME OUT WITH A COMPLETE SYMMETRY BETWEEN SPACE AND TIME, AND FEYNMANS INTERPRETATION OF NEGATIVE ENERGY STATES IS VERY CLEARLY ILLUSTRATED.
Decoherence is the main process behind the quantum to classical transition. It is a purely quantum mechanical effect by which the system loses its ability to exhibit coherent behavior. The recent experimental observation of diffraction and interference patterns for large molecules raises some interesting questions. In this context, we identify possible agents of decoherence to take into account when modeling these experiments, and study their visible (or not) effects on the interference pattern. We thereby present an analysis of matter wave interferometry in the presence of a dynamic quantum environment, and study how much the visibility fringe is reduced and in which timescale the decoherence effects destroy the interference of massive objects. Finally, we apply our results to the experimental data reported on fullerenes and cold neutrons.
Single-particle interference phenomena can be observed with neutrons, and the "entanglement of degrees of freedom", i.e. the contextuality, can be verified and used in further experiments. Entanglement of two photons or atoms is a complementary situation to the double-slit diffraction of a single photon, neutron, or atom. In this respect, neutrons are proper tools for testing quantum mechanics, because they are massive, they couple to electromagnetic fields due to their magnetic moment, and they are subject to all basic interactions, and they are sensitive to topological effects as well. The4π-symmetry of spinor wave functions, the spin-superposition law, and many topological phenomena can be made visible, which shows interesting intrinsic features of quantum physics. Related experiments will be discussed. Deterministic and stochastic partial absorption experiments can be described by Bell-type inequalities. Recent neutron interferometry experiments based on post-selection methods have renewed the discussion about quantum non-locality and the quantum measuring process. It has been shown that interference phenomena can be revived even when the overall interference pattern has lost its contrast. This indicates a persisting coupling in the phase space even in cases of spatially separated Schrödinger cat-like situations. These states are extremely fragile and sensitive against any kind of fluctuations and other de-coherence processes. More complete quantum experiments also show that a complete retrieval of quantum states behind an interaction volume becomes impossible in principle.