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The Scientific World JOURNAL

On Constructing Dynamic and Forward Secure Authenticated Group Key Agreement Scheme from Multikey Encapsulation Mechanism

Iraj Fathirad, John C. Devlin

Published Jan 1, 2015• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The approach of instantiating authenticated group key exchange (GAKE) protocol from the multikey encapsulation mechanism (mKEM) has an important advantage of achieving classical requirement of GAKE security in one communication round. In spite of the limitations of this approach, for example, lack of forward secrecy, it is very useful in group environments when maximum communication efficiency is desirable. To enrich this mKEM-based GAKE construction, we suggest an efficient solution to convert this static GAKE framework into a partially dynamic scheme. Furthermore, to address the associated lack of forward-secrecy, we propose two variants of this generic construction which can also provide a means of forward secrecy at the cost of extra communication round. In addition, concerning associated implementation cost of deploying this generic GAKE construction in elliptic curve cryptosystem, we compare the possible instantiations of this model from existing mKEM algorithms in terms of the number of elliptic curve scalar multiplications.

DOI
10.1155/2015/275496

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The approach of instantiating authenticated group key exchange (GAKE) protocol from the multikey encapsulation mechanism (mKEM) has an important advantage of achieving classical requirement of GAKE security in one communication round. In spite of the limitations of this approach, for example, lack of forward secrecy, it is very useful in group environments when maximum communication efficiency is desirable. To enrich this mKEM-based GAKE construction, we suggest an efficient solution to convert this static GAKE framework into a partially dynamic scheme. Furthermore, to address the associated lack of forward-secrecy, we propose two variants of this generic construction which can also provide a means of forward secrecy at the cost of extra communication round. In addition, concerning associated implementation cost of deploying this generic GAKE construction in elliptic curve cryptosystem, we compare the possible instantiations of this model from existing mKEM algorithms in terms of the number of elliptic curve scalar multiplications.
Over the last few years, researchers have introduced many group key agreement protocols, aiming to construct new efficient schemes in terms of both computation and communication. Group key agreement protocols aim to derive a common session key among a group of users, which will be used later in order to achieve secure communication between them. In this thesis, we provide a complete analysis of the protocols that have already been introduced in the literature from 2010 until now and require only one round. The main goal of this analysis is to evaluate these protocols in both communication and computation cost, in order to provide a comprehensive comparative analysis. The second part of the thesis is to analyze and evaluate the multi key encapsulation mechanisms that exist in the literature. A multi key encapsulation mechanism is the encryption technique by which a symmetric cryptographic algorithm is combined with an asymmetric one. To be more specific, such a mechanism uses an asymmetric cryptographic algorithm, as a method to encrypt the session key, while the key is derived by a symmetric cryptographic algorithm. Finally, we propose two new group key agreement protocols which use the multi key encapsulation mechanisms, and compare them with existing group key agreement protocols. These constructions are based on a generic methodology for creating a group key exchange protocol by using multi key encapsulation mechanisms. For this reason, emphasis has been given to both one round group key agreement protocols and multi key encapsulation mechanisms, in order to examine the possibility of combining them
Abstract. Minimizing complexity of group key exchange (GKE) protocols is an important milestone towards their practical deployment. An interesting approach to achieve this goal is to simplify the design of GKE protocols by using generic building blocks. In this paper we investigate the possibility of founding GKE protocols based on a primitive called multi key encapsulation mechanism (mKEM) and describe advantages and limitations of this approach. In particular, we show how to design a one-round GKE protocol which satisfies the classical requirement of authenticated key exchange (AKE) security, yet without forward secrecy. As a result, we obtain the first one-round GKE protocol secure in the standard model. We also conduct our analysis using recent formal models that take into account both outsider and insider attacks as well as the notion of key compromise impersonation resilience (KCIR). In contrast to previous models we show how to model both outsider and insider KCIR within the definition of mutual authentication. Our analysis additionally implies that the insider security compiler by Katz and Shin from ACM CCS 2005 can be used to achieve more than what is shown in the original work, namely both outsider and insider KCIR.
A group key exchange (GKE) protocol allows a set of parties to agree upon a common secret session key over a public network. In this thesis, we focus on designing efficient GKE protocols using public key techniques and appropriately revising security models for GKE protocols. For the purpose of modelling and analysing the security of GKE protocols we apply the widely accepted computational complexity approach. The contributions of the thesis to the area of GKE protocols are manifold. We propose the first GKE protocol that requires only one round of communication and is proven secure in the standard model. Our protocol is generically constructed from a key encapsulation mechanism (KEM). We also suggest an efficient KEM from the literature, which satisfies the underlying security notion, to instantiate the generic protocol. We then concentrate on enhancing the security of one-round GKE protocols. A new model of security for forward secure GKE protocols is introduced and a generic one-round GKE protocol with forward security is then presented. The security of this protocol is also proven in the standard model. We also propose an efficient forward secure encryption scheme that can be used to instantiate the generic GKE protocol. Our next contributions are to the security models of GKE protocols. We observe that the analysis of GKE protocols has not been as extensive as that of two-party key exchange protocols. Particularly, the security attribute of key compromise impersonation (KCI) resilience has so far been ignored for GKE protocols. We model the security of GKE protocols addressing KCI attacks by both outsider and insider adversaries. We then show that a few existing protocols are not secure against KCI attacks. A new proof of security for an existing GKE protocol is given under the revised model assuming random oracles. Subsequently, we treat the security of GKE protocols in the universal composability (UC) framework. We present a new UC ideal functionality for GKE protocols capturing the security attribute of contributiveness. An existing protocol with minor revisions is then shown to realize our functionality in the random oracle model. Finally, we explore the possibility of constructing GKE protocols in the attribute-based setting. We introduce the concept of attribute-based group key exchange (AB-GKE). A security model for AB-GKE and a one-round AB-GKE protocol satisfying our security notion are presented. The protocol is generically constructed from a new cryptographic primitive called encapsulation policy attribute-based KEM (EP-AB-KEM), which we introduce in this thesis. We also present a new EP-AB-KEM with a proof of security assuming generic groups and random oracles. The EP-AB-KEM can be used to instantiate our generic AB-GKE protocol.
Among the conventional round group key agreement protocol,the minimal number of message exchange round is 2.The efficiency of the protocol is affected by the number of message exchange round.Using a secret shared technology that two parties share a common static secret without any interaction between them,an efficient one-round ID-based authenticated group key agreement scheme was proposed and extended to the dynamic group.The number of message exchanged during the key agreement in this one-round protocol is reduced to half of that in two-round protocols.So the efficiency of its communication is improved.The proposed scheme was proved to be secure and be forward and backward secure,and can be applied to the secure group communication where the perfect forward secure is not needed.
Group Authenticated Key Exchange (GAKE) protocol can achieve authentication among multiple users within a group and facilitates the agreement on a consistent group key, which ensures the security of the transmission of data within the group. Society is entering the post-quantum era with the development of quantum computers, and traditional cryptographic algorithms used in existing group authenticated key exchange protocols may not be able to resist quantum attacks. Using the lattice-based key encapsulation mechanism Kyber, we have developed a post-quantum secure group key exchange protocol. The protocol incorporates dynamic joining and leaving phases for group users to ensure scalability, while also utilizing passwords for user authentication. Finally, we formally prove the security of the protocol and compare it with other lattice-based group authenticated key exchange protocols through simulation experiments, the results demonstrate that our protocol is more efficient.
One-round group authenticated key exchange (GAKE) protocols typically provide implicit authentication and appealing bandwidth efficiency. As a special case of GAKE – the pairing-based one-round tripartite authenticated key exchange (3AKE), recently gains much attention of research community due to its strong security. Several pairing-based one-round 3AKE protocols have recently been proposed to achieve provable security in the g-eCK model. In contrast to earlier GAKE models, the g-eCK model particularly formulates the security properties regarding resilience to the leakage of various combinations of long-term key and ephemeral session state, and provision of weak perfect forward secrecy in a single model. However, the g-eCK security proofs of previous protocols are only given under the random oracle model. In this work, we give a new construction for pairing-based one-round 3AKE protocol which is provably secure in the g-eCK model without random oracles. Security of proposed protocol is reduced to the hardness of Cube Bilinear Decisional Diffie-Hellman (CBDDH) problem for symmetric pairing. We also extend the proposed 3AKE scheme to a GAKE scheme with more than three group members, based on multilinear maps. We prove g-eCK security of our GAKE scheme in the standard model under the natural multilinear generalization of the CBDDH assumption.