A Survey of E-Test Spaces

Alexander Wilce

Emma Andrews, Aruna Jayasena, Prabhat Mishra

Quantum computing has the potential to solve a wide variety of classically intractable problems. However, the inherent complexity, probabilistic behavior, and fragility of quantum systems pose significant challenges to ensuring the correctness and reliability of quantum programs. In this survey, we present a comprehensive overview of functional testing and validation techniques aimed at addressing these challenges for quantum circuits. We begin by outlining the unique characteristics of quantum systems that complicate traditional testing methodologies, including the absence of classical oracles, non-determinism due to quantum measurement, and the exponential growth of the state space. We then categorize and analyze a wide range of functional testing and validation techniques that have emerged to meet these challenges, including mutation testing, fuzz testing, and coverage testing. We further explore advanced semantic and white-box methods such as property-based testing, metamorphic testing, equivalence checking, fault testing, assertions, and concolic testing. Specifically, we discuss the applicability of these testing techniques to quantum circuits and examine their limitations in the current NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) era.

Giulio Gasbarri, Alessio Belenchia, Matteo Carlesso +5 more

Abstract Quantum technologies are opening novel avenues for applied and fundamental science at an impressive pace. In this perspective article, we focus on the promises coming from the combination of quantum technologies and space science to test the very foundations of quantum physics and, possibly, new physics. In particular, we survey the field of mesoscopic superpositions of nanoparticles and the potential of interferometric and non-interferometric experiments in space for the investigation of the superposition principle of quantum mechanics and the quantum-to-classical transition. We delve into the possibilities offered by the state-of-the-art of nanoparticle physics projected in the space environment and discuss the numerous challenges, and the corresponding potential advancements, that the space environment presents. In doing this, we also offer an ab-initio estimate of the potential of space-based interferometry with some of the largest systems ever considered and show that there is room for tests of quantum mechanics at an unprecedented level of detail.

Alexander Wilce

Stanley Gudder

Prabhu Tej, Syed Raunaq Ahmed, I. Reena +2 more

This lecture notes gives a basic survey of the theory of hypothesis testing of quantum states in finite dimensional Hilbert spaces. Optimal measurement strategy for testing binary quantum hypotheses, which result in minimum error probability, is discussed. Collective and individual adaptive measurement strategies in testing hypotheses in the multiple copy scenario, with various upper and lower bounds on error probability, are outlined. A brief account on quantum channel discrimination and the role of entangled states in achieving enhanced precision in the task of channel discrimination is given.