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Nonequilibrium-induced polaron

Shigeru Ajisaka, S. Tasaki, Ichiro Terasaki

Published Jul 1, 2009• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Solitons and polarons at nonequilibrium steady states are investigated for the spinless Takayama-Lin Liu-Maki (TLM) model of a Peierls conductor. Polarons are found to be possible {\it only out of equilibrium}, and polaron formation is a genuine nonequilibrium phenomenon as there exists a lower threshold current below which they cannot exist.

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Solitons and polarons at nonequilibrium steady states are investigated for the spinless Takayama-Lin Liu-Maki (TLM) model of a Peierls conductor. Polarons are found to be possible {\it only out of equilibrium}, and polaron formation is a genuine nonequilibrium phenomenon as there exists a lower threshold current below which they cannot exist.
A resonant level strongly coupled to a local phonon under nonequilibrium conditions is investigated. The nonequilibrium Hartree-Fock approximation is shown to correspond to approximating the steady state density matrix by delta functions at field values to which the local dynamics relaxes in a semiclassical limit. If multiple solutions exist, all are shown to make nonvanishing contributions to physical quantities: multistability does not exist. Departures from equilibrium are shown to produce decoherence, preventing the formation of a polaron feature in the spectral function. The formalism also applies to the nonequilibrium Kondo problem.
We develop a nonperturbative theory for hole dynamics in antiferromagnetic spin lattices, as described by the t-J model. This is achieved by generalizing the self-consistent Born approximation to nonequilibrium systems, making it possible to calculate the full time-dependent many-body wave function. Our approach reveals three distinct dynamical regimes, ultimately leading to the formation of magnetic polarons. Following the initial ballistic stage of the hole dynamics, coherent formation of string excitations gives rise to characteristic oscillations in the hole density. Their damping eventually leaves behind magnetic polarons that undergo ballistic motion with a greatly reduced velocity. The developed theory provides a rigorous framework for understanding nonequilibrium physics of defects in quantum magnets and quantitatively explains recent observations from cold-atom quantum simulations in the strong coupling regime.
We investigate optical properties of polarons and solitons in one-dimensional (1D) Peierls–Hubbard model by using the density matrix renormalization group method combined with the adiabatic approximation for lattice distortion. Obtained numerical results demonstrate that there appear novel midgap peaks in optical response spectra of polarons and charged-solitons for large on-site Coulomb interaction U . The origins of these novel peaks are understood in terms of charge-transfer excitations within clusters for each states: a dimer in polarons and a pentamer in charged-solitons, both of which are located around the center of the relaxed lattice distortion.
We study the formation of magnon-polaron excitations and the consequences of different timescales between the magnon and lattice dynamics. The spin-spin interactions along the one-dimensional lattice are ruled by a Heisenberg Hamiltonian in the anisotropic form XXZ, in which each spin exhibits a vibrational degree of freedom around its equilibrium position. By considering a magnetoelastic coupling as a linear function of the relative displacement between nearest-neighbor spins, results provide an original framework for achieving a hybridized magnon-polaron state. Such a state is characterized by high cooperation between the underlying excitations, where nondispersive profiles of the magnon wave function and the lattice deformations exhibit a bound dynamics. Traveling or stationary formation of a magnon-polaron depends on the effective magnetoelastic coupling, and the critical amount $({\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c})$ separating both regimes is shown. Different characteristic timescales of the magnon and the vibrational dynamics unveiled the threshold between such behaviors, as well as a limit value of critical magnetoelastic interaction, above which the magnon velocity no longer interferes at the critical magnetoelastic coupling capable of inducing the stationary regime.