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TURKISH JOURNAL OF PHYSICS

The Born Scattering Amplitude of a Non-relativistic Spin One-half particle in an Aharonov-Bohm Potentia

Yousef Romia, Mohammad Shikakhwa

Published Apr 28, 2004• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

The Born scattering amplitude of a non-relativistic spin one-half particle in an Aharonov-Bohm potential is calculated up to second order. It is demonstrated that perturbation theory works well for this model, in contrast with the case of scalar particles, thanks to the spin-magnetic moment interaction term. The first order amplitude is shown to coincide with the exact amplitude when expanded to the same order; the second order amplitude is finite and null. The polarized scattering cross section is found to be different from the unpolarized one only if the incident particle has a spin component perpendicular to the flux tube.

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The Born scattering amplitude of a non-relativistic spin one-half particle in an Aharonov-Bohm potential is calculated up to second order. It is demonstrated that perturbation theory works well for this model, in contrast with the case of scalar particles, thanks to the spin-magnetic moment interaction term. The first order amplitude is shown to coincide with the exact amplitude when expanded to the same order; the second order amplitude is finite and null. The polarized scattering cross section is found to be different from the unpolarized one only if the incident particle has a spin component perpendicular to the flux tube.
The scattering of relativistic spin-one-half particles in an Aharonov-Bohm potential is considered. It is shown that earlier approaches to this problem have neglected a crucial delta function contribution to the potential. By formulating the problem with a source of finite radius which is then allowed to go to zero, it is established that this is the delta function alone that causes solutions that are singular at the origin to become relevant. The changes in the amplitude which arise from the inclusion of spin are seen to modify the cross section for the case of polarized beams. Finally, the calculated Aharonov-Bohm amplitude is shown to describe the scattering of particles with arbitrary spin in the c=\ensuremath{\infty} limit.
A partial wave analysis using the basis of the total angular momentum operator J3{J}_{3}J3​ is carried out for the first order Born amplitude of a Dirac particle in an Aharonov-Bohm potential. It is demonstrated that the s partial wave contributes to the scattering amplitude in contrast with the case with scalar nonrelativistic particles. We suggest that this explains the fact that the first order Born amplitude of a Dirac particle coincides with the exact amplitude expanded to the same order, where it does not for a scalar particle. An interesting algebra involving the Dirac velocity operator and the angular observables is discovered and its consequences are exploited.
The Aharonov-Bohm scattering of massive spin-one particles is computed. Starting from the relativistic wave equation for a charged, massive spin-one particle, a reduction to two spatial dimensions is made, consistent with the standard Aharonov-Bohm (AB) geometry. It is found that the problem consists of the independent scattering of the three vector-meson spins. While the amplitude for the spin-0 mode is trivially identical to the AB amplitude, the same result is obtained for the spin-up and spin-down components, in sharp contrast to the corresponding result for the spin-1/2 AB amplitude. This can be traced to the fact that the Hamiltonian is unbounded as a consequence of the presence of a \ensuremath{\delta}-function term in the potential. In the Galilean limit it is found that the amplitude of the nonzero-spin components is identical to the spin-1/2 amplitude in that limit, in agreement with a general claim made earlier by one of the authors. The Galilean limit of the spin-one AB cross section is found to be modified and calculations for some pure-state polarizations are presented.
The scattering of relativistic spin-1/2 neutral particles with a magnetic dipole moment by a long straight charged line and a magnetic flux line at the same position is studied. The scattering cross sections for unpolarized and polarized particles are obtained by solving the Dirac-Pauli equation. The results are in general the same as those for pure Aharonov-Casher scattering (by the charged line alone) as expected. However, in special cases when the incident energy, the line charge density, and the magnetic flux satisfy some relations, the cross section for polarized particles is dramatically changed. Relations between the polarization of incident particles and that of scattered ones are presented, both in the full relativistic case and the nonrelativistic limit. The characteristic difference between the general and special cases lies in the backward direction: in the general cases the incident particles are simply bounced while in the special cases their polarization is turned over simultaneously. For pure Aharonov-Casher scattering there exist cases where the helicities of all scattered particles are reversed. This seems to be remarkable but appears unnoticed previously. Two mathematical approaches are employed to deal with the singularity of the electric and magnetic field and it turns out that the physical results are essentially the same.
The Aharonov-Bohm scattering of relativistic spin-1∕21∕21∕2 particles with an anomalous magnetic moment are studied. The scattering cross sections for unpolarized and polarized particles are obtained by solving the Dirac-Pauli equation. It is somewhat unexpected that the results are in general the same as those for particles without an anomalous magnetic moment. However, when the incident energy takes some special values, the cross section for polarized particles is dramatically changed. In these cases the helicity of scattered particles is not conserved. In particular, the helicity of particles scattered in the backward direction is all reversed. In the nonrelativistic limit, a very simple relation between the polarized directions of the incident and scattered particles is found, for both general and special incident energies. For particles without an anomalous magnetic moment this relation can be drawn from previous results but it appears to be unnoticed.