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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Bragg spectroscopy of a Bose condensate in a 3D optical lattice

Emek Yesilada, X. Du, Changhyun Ryu, S. Wan, Daniel J. Heinzen

Published Dec 10, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have measured the excitation spectrum of an /sup 87/Rb Bose-Einstein condensate loaded in a three dimensional optical lattice using Bragg spectroscopy.
DOI
10.1109/qels.2005.1548805

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Bragg spectroscopy is used to measure the excitations of a trapped, quantum-degenerate gas of 87 Rb atoms in a three-dimensional (3D) optical lattice. The measurements are carried out over a range of optical lattice depths in the superfluid phase of the Bose–Hubbard model. For a fixed wavevector, the resonant frequency of the excitation is found to decrease with increasing lattice depth. A numerical calculation of the resonant frequencies based on Bogoliubov theory shows a less steep rate of decrease than the measurements.
This paper presents Bragg spectroscopy of the multi-branch Bogoliubov spectrum of elongated Bose-Einstein condensates. The condensate consists of N=10/sup 5/ atoms of /sup 87/Rb which was excited at wavenumber k by using two Bragg beams. Results are analyzed by numerically solving the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation for the order parameter of the condensate. This study shows that the response of the condensate to a Bragg pulse is indeed significantly affected by the radial degrees of freedom. By using Bragg pulses longer than in previous measurements, this multi-branch spectrum is resolved, finding good agreement with the predictions of Gross-Pitaevskii theory.
We study dipolar relaxation of a chromium Bose-Einstein condensate loaded into a three-dimensional (3D) optical lattice. We observe dipolar relaxation resonances when the magnetic energy released during the inelastic collision matches an excitation towards higher-energy bands. Spectroscopy of these resonances for two orientations of the magnetic field provides a 3D band spectroscopy of the lattice. The narrowest resonance is registered for the lowest excitation energy. Its line shape is sensitive to the on-site interaction energy. We use such sensitivity to probe number squeezing in a Mott insulator.