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Lecture notes in computer science

Senses in Which Quantum Theory Is an Analogy for Information Retrieval and Science

Sachi Arafat

Published Jan 1, 2011• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-3-642-24971-6_16

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Quantum-inspired algorithms represent an important direction in modern software information technologies that use heuristic methods and approaches of quantum science. This work presents a quantum approach for document search, retrieval, and ranking based on the Bell-like test, which is well-known in quantum physics. We propose quantum probability theory in the hyperspace analog to language (HAL) framework exploiting a Hilbert space for word and document vector specification. The quantum approach allows for accounting for specific user preferences in different contexts. To verify the algorithm proposed, we use a dataset of synthetic advertising text documents from travel agencies generated by the OpenAI GPT-4 model. We show that the "entanglement" in two-word document search and retrieval can be recognized as the frequent occurrence of two words in incompatible query contexts. We have found that the user preferences and word ordering in the query play a significant role in relatively small sizes of the HAL window. The comparison with the cosine similarity metrics demonstrates the key advantages of our approach based on the user-enforced contextual and semantic relationships between words and not just their superficial occurrence in texts. Our approach to retrieving and ranking documents allows for the creation of new information search engines that require no resource-intensive deep machine learning algorithms.
Recently people started to understand that applications of the mathematical formalism of quantum theory are not reduced to physics. Nowadays, this formalism is widely used outside of quantum physics, in particular, in cognition, psychology, decision making, information processing, especially information retrieval. The latter is very promising. The aim of this brief introductory review is to stimulate research in this exciting area of information science. This paper is not aimed to present a complete review on the state of art in quantum information retrieval.
It is the author's concept of quantum information theory as a universal paradigm of cognition and a theory of everything, integrating physics, epistemology, and the ontology of sense.The author assumes that information is not only a description of reality, but its primordial material -cognitive energy that co-creates matter, consciousness, and the evolution of civilization.The model is based on a five-step hierarchy of cognitive transformation: data → information → concept → knowledge → wisdom, corresponding to the gradual ordering of the entropy of sense.The process of cognition is quantum in nature: every act of thinking exists in the superposition of senses, and only at the moment of interpretation does the collapse of sense occur, i.e., the transition from potentiality to cognitive actuality.The author develops an analogy between the wave of cognition and the wave of matter, introducing the concepts of the amplitude of sense and cognitive entropy as formal measures of the quality of cognition.The result is a theory in which man, artificial intelligence, and the Universe participate in a single field of quantum information, and the cognitive equilibrium corresponds to the state of minimal entropy -wisdom.The article integrates the classical concepts of Bohm, Einstein, McLuhan, and Floridi, showing information as an efficient factor equal to energy and matter.The proposed concept of Homo sapiens harmonicus presents the man of the future as a being capable of harmonizing the amplitudes of sense, combining knowledge with values, and transforming technology into a tool for spiritual development.The paper concludes with the postulate of a quantum epistemology, in which philosophy becomes the science of organizing the world's information field-the art of transforming the chaos of data into the wisdom of existence.