Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Explaining the Arrow of Time and the Collapse of Wave Function Based on the Primary gas Structure of Particle-VIII

V.A.Induchoodan Menon

Published Jun 1, 2010• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The author after clarifying physical implications of imaginary time approach and reversible real time approach goes on to explain how they differ from progressive time which is experienced by all macroscopic systems [1]. He proposes that progressive nature of time is a direct result of increase in entropy at level of structure of elementary particles. According to him just as vacuum fluctuations confine photino (single luminal wave) to form a staphon (standing wave) which is basic structure of a particle, a small part of energy gets converted into heat which gets expressed in jiggling motion of particle. It is proposed that this random motion arising from absorption of vacuum energy contributes to infinitesimal increase in internal heat of particle which results in increase in entropy right at level of elementary particle. He calls process by which particles absorb energy from vacuum the vean He proposes that this increase in entropy at level of elementary particles results in time acquiring progressive nature. With this interpretation of progressive nature of time, problem of collapse of wave function gets resolved without invoking presence of a conscious observer. Even process of entanglement appears to have space-time limitations. He suggests that existence of gravitational field and expansion of universe also may be traced to this vean process.

Related papers

From the Sub-quantum Thermodynamics to the Arrow of Time and the Collapse of Wave Function

V.A.Induchoodan Menon

The author after clarifying the physical implications of the imaginary time approach and the reversible real time approach goes on to explain how they differ from the progressive time which is experienced by all macroscopic systems. He proposes that the progressive nature of time is a direct result of the increase in the entropy at the sub-quantum level. According to him just as the interactions with the vacuum fluctuations create the confined helical wave (CH wave) which is the basic structure of a particle, a small part of the energy gets converted into its jiggling motion. It is proposed that this random motion arising from the absorption of the vacuum energy contributes to infinitesimal increase in the rest mass which results in the increase in entropy right at the level of the elementary particle. He calls the process by which the particles absorb energy from vacuum “the vean process”. He proposes that this increase in entropy at the level of the structure of the elementary particles results in time acquiring its progressive nature. With this interpretation of the progressive nature of time, the problem of the collapse of wave function gets resolved without invoking the presence of a conscious observer. Even the process of entanglement appears to have space-time limitations. He suggests that the existence of gravitational field and expansion of the universe may be direct outcome of the proposed vean process. PACs numbers: 03.65-w, 3.65 Ta, 03.75 –b, 05.40 -a, 05.70 Ce

•Jan 1, 2013•0 citations

Interpretation of Time Arrow, Parallel Timelines, Entropy Increase and Fate from the Perspective of Consciousness

Zhongning Yi

The irreversibility of the time arrow, the unidirectional evolution of thermodynamic entropy increase, the rationality of parallel timelines and the ultimate question of whether fate is destined have long crossed the fields of physics, cosmology and philosophy, becoming a core issue difficult to unify. The traditional classical physical framework excludes observer consciousness from objective laws and explains time and evolution only from the perspectives of microscopic interaction and macroscopic statistics, leading to logical fragmentation between free will and fatalism, quantum superposition and macroscopic certainty. Taking the symmetry breaking of weak interaction as the microscopic origin of the time arrow, combined with the entropy increase law of the second law of thermodynamics and the quantum wavefunction superposition theory, this paper introduces the conscious observation perspective as the core variable to construct a unified interpretation system connecting microscopic physics, macroscopic evolution and consciousness initiative. This paper demonstrates that weak force symmetry breaking endows the universe with intrinsic time irreversibility, and entropy increase is its macroscopic statistical expression; quantum superposition inherently contains countless parallel timelines, and all possible realities have an existential basis; consciousness does not passively reflect reality, but realizes wavefunction collapse and timeline transition through the switching of observation perspectives; fate is not singly destined, but established possibilities of parallel lines, and consciousness state determines the energy level and order of the timeline where an individual is located. It is further proposed that consciousness can locally achieve negative entropy and reconstruct quantum structures, but cannot stop the overall entropy increase of the universe or violate the law of conservation of energy. Even a highly developed civilization cannot ultimately surpass the ultimate limits of black holes and heat death, and the universe will restart through a new big bang after falling into silence. The laws revealed by physicists are essentially the perception and manifestation of cosmic primordial structure by consciousness. This system is compatible with the basic laws of modern particle physics and thermodynamics, and provides a self-consistent cosmological basis for the influence of mental state on reality trajectory, bridging the theoretical gap between objective physics and subjective consciousness.

•May 7, 2026•0 citations

Quantizing Time and Space - From the Standing Wave to the Primary Gas Structure of a Particle - V

V.A.Induchoodan Menon

The author introduces the concept of a primary gas which is an abstract gas where the microstates are occupied successively in time unlike in the case of a real gas where the microstates are occupied simultaneously. He shows that a single plane wave associated with a standing wave formed by the confinement of a luminal wave could be treated as the microstate of the primary gas that represents a particle. This approach makes it possible to understand the dynamics of a particle in terms of the thermodynamics of the primary gas. In this approach, time and space turn out to be the intrinsic properties of the primary gas that represents a particle and the quantized nature of time and space emerges from it in a natural manner. It is shown that the action (with a negative sign) of a particle could be identified with the entropy of the primary gas and the principle of least action is nothing but the second law of thermodynamics. The author shows that the uncertainty relation of quantum mechanics can be derived directly from the equation for fluctuations and he explains the statistical basis of the virtual interactions.

•Apr 1, 2010•0 citations

Proposing the Existence of a New Symmetry Called the Wick Symmetry- Representation of a Particle as a Primary Gas -VI

V.A.Induchoodan Menon

The author discusses the similarity between the expression for the state function of the primary gas representing a particle and that of the wave function. It is observed that the only difference between these two expressions is that in the former time appears as a real function while in the latter it appears as an imaginary function. He shows that the primary gas approach which treats time as a real and the quantum mechanical approach which treats time as imaginary are two ways of representing the same reality and points to a new symmetry called the Wick symmetry. He shows that the probability postulate of quantum mechanics can be understood in a very simple and natural manner based on the primary gas representation of the particle. It is shown that the zero point energy of the quantum mechanics is nothing but the energy of the thermal bath formed by the vacuum fluctuations in the Higgs field. He shows that the quantum mechanics is nothing but the thermodynamics of the primary gas where time has not lost its directional symmetry.

•May 1, 2010•0 citations

Collapse-Induced Time Asymmetry and the Emergence of Classical Reality

Brian J Davies

Collapse-Induced Time Asymmetry and the Emergence of Classical Reality proposes a collapse-driven framework in which the emergence of classical definiteness and the arrow of time arise from the same underlying physical mechanism. Wavefunction collapse is treated as an intrinsic, irreversible process that progressively restricts the space of admissible quantum states, generating both temporal order and classical structure without reliance on observers, special boundary conditions, or externally imposed time asymmetry. The central contribution of this work is the introduction of an emergent collapse-ordering parameter, distinct from coordinate time, which indexes irreversible collapse events and provides a microscopic foundation for temporal asymmetry. Within this framework, stochastic localization resolves quantum indeterminacy, stabilizes macroscopic outcomes, and yields definite mass–energy configurations from which classical spacetime structure can emerge. Gravitational self-energy is reinterpreted not as the cause of collapse, but as a diagnostic of the energetic incompatibility between unrealized quantum alternatives. Collapse dynamics, entropy production, and geometric structure are shown to be mutually consistent aspects of a single irreversible process. The resulting picture unifies measurement resolution, the arrow of time, and classical emergence within a single collapse-based dynamical framework. This paper focuses on the theoretical structure and internal consistency of the proposed mechanism. A separate, accompanying repository paper will present proof-of-principle numerical simulations exploring collapse-driven information pruning, history-dependent backreaction, and emergent geometric behavior. These simulations are intended to illustrate qualitative features of the framework and to demonstrate dynamical stability and repeatability, rather than to provide quantitative gravitational modeling. Together, the theoretical analysis and forthcoming simulation results aim to clarify the physical role of collapse in the emergence of classical reality and temporal order.A companion repository containing proof-of-principle numerical simulations is available at Zenodo 10.5281/zenodo.18828923

•Mar 1, 2026•0 citations

Wave function collapse, non-locality, and space-time structure

Tejinder P. Singh

Collapse models possibly suggest the need for a better understanding of the structure of space-time. We argue that physical space, and space-time, are emergent features of the Universe, which arise as a result of dynamical collapse of the wave function. The starting point for this argument is the observation that classical time is external to quantum theory, and there ought to exist an equivalent reformulation which does not refer to classical time. We propose such a reformulation, based on a non-commutative special relativity. In the spirit of Trace Dynamics, the reformulation is arrived at, as a statistical thermodynamics of an underlying classical dynamics in which matter and non-commuting space-time degrees of freedom are matrices obeying arbitrary commutation relations. Inevitable statistical fluctuations around equilibrium can explain the emergence of classical matter fields and classical space-time, in the limit in which the universe is dominated by macroscopic objects. The underlying non-commutative structure of space-time also helps understand better the peculiar nature of quantum non-locality, where the effect of wave-function collapse in entangled systems is felt across space-like separations.

arXiv:1701.09132•Jan 31, 2017•3 citations
The author after clarifying physical implications of imaginary time approach and reversible real time approach goes on to explain how they differ from progressive time which is experienced by all macroscopic systems [1]. He proposes that progressive nature of time is a direct result of increase in entropy at level of structure of elementary particles. According to him just as vacuum fluctuations confine photino (single luminal wave) to form a staphon (standing wave) which is basic structure of a particle, a small part of energy gets converted into heat which gets expressed in jiggling motion of particle. It is proposed that this random motion arising from absorption of vacuum energy contributes to infinitesimal increase in internal heat of particle which results in increase in entropy right at level of elementary particle. He calls process by which particles absorb energy from vacuum the vean He proposes that this increase in entropy at level of elementary particles results in time acquiring progressive nature. With this interpretation of progressive nature of time, problem of collapse of wave function gets resolved without invoking presence of a conscious observer. Even process of entanglement appears to have space-time limitations. He suggests that existence of gravitational field and expansion of universe also may be traced to this vean process.
The author after clarifying the physical implications of the imaginary time approach and the reversible real time approach goes on to explain how they differ from the progressive time which is experienced by all macroscopic systems. He proposes that the progressive nature of time is a direct result of the increase in the entropy at the sub-quantum level. According to him just as the interactions with the vacuum fluctuations create the confined helical wave (CH wave) which is the basic structure of a particle, a small part of the energy gets converted into its jiggling motion. It is proposed that this random motion arising from the absorption of the vacuum energy contributes to infinitesimal increase in the rest mass which results in the increase in entropy right at the level of the elementary particle. He calls the process by which the particles absorb energy from vacuum “the vean process”. He proposes that this increase in entropy at the level of the structure of the elementary particles results in time acquiring its progressive nature. With this interpretation of the progressive nature of time, the problem of the collapse of wave function gets resolved without invoking the presence of a conscious observer. Even the process of entanglement appears to have space-time limitations. He suggests that the existence of gravitational field and expansion of the universe may be direct outcome of the proposed vean process. PACs numbers: 03.65-w, 3.65 Ta, 03.75 –b, 05.40 -a, 05.70 Ce
The irreversibility of the time arrow, the unidirectional evolution of thermodynamic entropy increase, the rationality of parallel timelines and the ultimate question of whether fate is destined have long crossed the fields of physics, cosmology and philosophy, becoming a core issue difficult to unify. The traditional classical physical framework excludes observer consciousness from objective laws and explains time and evolution only from the perspectives of microscopic interaction and macroscopic statistics, leading to logical fragmentation between free will and fatalism, quantum superposition and macroscopic certainty. Taking the symmetry breaking of weak interaction as the microscopic origin of the time arrow, combined with the entropy increase law of the second law of thermodynamics and the quantum wavefunction superposition theory, this paper introduces the conscious observation perspective as the core variable to construct a unified interpretation system connecting microscopic physics, macroscopic evolution and consciousness initiative. This paper demonstrates that weak force symmetry breaking endows the universe with intrinsic time irreversibility, and entropy increase is its macroscopic statistical expression; quantum superposition inherently contains countless parallel timelines, and all possible realities have an existential basis; consciousness does not passively reflect reality, but realizes wavefunction collapse and timeline transition through the switching of observation perspectives; fate is not singly destined, but established possibilities of parallel lines, and consciousness state determines the energy level and order of the timeline where an individual is located. It is further proposed that consciousness can locally achieve negative entropy and reconstruct quantum structures, but cannot stop the overall entropy increase of the universe or violate the law of conservation of energy. Even a highly developed civilization cannot ultimately surpass the ultimate limits of black holes and heat death, and the universe will restart through a new big bang after falling into silence. The laws revealed by physicists are essentially the perception and manifestation of cosmic primordial structure by consciousness. This system is compatible with the basic laws of modern particle physics and thermodynamics, and provides a self-consistent cosmological basis for the influence of mental state on reality trajectory, bridging the theoretical gap between objective physics and subjective consciousness.
The author introduces the concept of a primary gas which is an abstract gas where the microstates are occupied successively in time unlike in the case of a real gas where the microstates are occupied simultaneously. He shows that a single plane wave associated with a standing wave formed by the confinement of a luminal wave could be treated as the microstate of the primary gas that represents a particle. This approach makes it possible to understand the dynamics of a particle in terms of the thermodynamics of the primary gas. In this approach, time and space turn out to be the intrinsic properties of the primary gas that represents a particle and the quantized nature of time and space emerges from it in a natural manner. It is shown that the action (with a negative sign) of a particle could be identified with the entropy of the primary gas and the principle of least action is nothing but the second law of thermodynamics. The author shows that the uncertainty relation of quantum mechanics can be derived directly from the equation for fluctuations and he explains the statistical basis of the virtual interactions.
The author discusses the similarity between the expression for the state function of the primary gas representing a particle and that of the wave function. It is observed that the only difference between these two expressions is that in the former time appears as a real function while in the latter it appears as an imaginary function. He shows that the primary gas approach which treats time as a real and the quantum mechanical approach which treats time as imaginary are two ways of representing the same reality and points to a new symmetry called the Wick symmetry. He shows that the probability postulate of quantum mechanics can be understood in a very simple and natural manner based on the primary gas representation of the particle. It is shown that the zero point energy of the quantum mechanics is nothing but the energy of the thermal bath formed by the vacuum fluctuations in the Higgs field. He shows that the quantum mechanics is nothing but the thermodynamics of the primary gas where time has not lost its directional symmetry.
Collapse-Induced Time Asymmetry and the Emergence of Classical Reality proposes a collapse-driven framework in which the emergence of classical definiteness and the arrow of time arise from the same underlying physical mechanism. Wavefunction collapse is treated as an intrinsic, irreversible process that progressively restricts the space of admissible quantum states, generating both temporal order and classical structure without reliance on observers, special boundary conditions, or externally imposed time asymmetry. The central contribution of this work is the introduction of an emergent collapse-ordering parameter, distinct from coordinate time, which indexes irreversible collapse events and provides a microscopic foundation for temporal asymmetry. Within this framework, stochastic localization resolves quantum indeterminacy, stabilizes macroscopic outcomes, and yields definite mass–energy configurations from which classical spacetime structure can emerge. Gravitational self-energy is reinterpreted not as the cause of collapse, but as a diagnostic of the energetic incompatibility between unrealized quantum alternatives. Collapse dynamics, entropy production, and geometric structure are shown to be mutually consistent aspects of a single irreversible process. The resulting picture unifies measurement resolution, the arrow of time, and classical emergence within a single collapse-based dynamical framework. This paper focuses on the theoretical structure and internal consistency of the proposed mechanism. A separate, accompanying repository paper will present proof-of-principle numerical simulations exploring collapse-driven information pruning, history-dependent backreaction, and emergent geometric behavior. These simulations are intended to illustrate qualitative features of the framework and to demonstrate dynamical stability and repeatability, rather than to provide quantitative gravitational modeling. Together, the theoretical analysis and forthcoming simulation results aim to clarify the physical role of collapse in the emergence of classical reality and temporal order.A companion repository containing proof-of-principle numerical simulations is available at Zenodo 10.5281/zenodo.18828923
Collapse models possibly suggest the need for a better understanding of the structure of space-time. We argue that physical space, and space-time, are emergent features of the Universe, which arise as a result of dynamical collapse of the wave function. The starting point for this argument is the observation that classical time is external to quantum theory, and there ought to exist an equivalent reformulation which does not refer to classical time. We propose such a reformulation, based on a non-commutative special relativity. In the spirit of Trace Dynamics, the reformulation is arrived at, as a statistical thermodynamics of an underlying classical dynamics in which matter and non-commuting space-time degrees of freedom are matrices obeying arbitrary commutation relations. Inevitable statistical fluctuations around equilibrium can explain the emergence of classical matter fields and classical space-time, in the limit in which the universe is dominated by macroscopic objects. The underlying non-commutative structure of space-time also helps understand better the peculiar nature of quantum non-locality, where the effect of wave-function collapse in entangled systems is felt across space-like separations.