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Optics and Spectroscopy

Spatial localization of one-photon states and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox for spontaneous parametric light scattering

Alexander N. Penin, T. A. Reutova, Alexander V. Sergienko

Published Mar 1, 1991• 0 citations
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An experiment on one-photon state localization in space using a correlation technique in Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion (SPDC) process is discussed. Results of measurements demonstrate an idea of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox for coordinate and momentum variables of photon states. Results of the experiment can be explained with the help of an advanced wave technique. The experiment is based on the idea that two-photon states of optical electromagnetic fields arising in the nonlinear process of the spontaneous parametric down conversion (spontaneous parametric light scattering) can be explained by quantum mechanical theory with the help of a single wave function.
We demonstrate Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement by detecting purely spatial quantum correlations in the near and far fields of spontaneous parametric down-conversion generated in a type-2 beta barium borate crystal. Full-field imaging is performed in the photon-counting regime with an electron-multiplying CCD camera. The data are used without any postselection, and we obtain a violation of Heisenberg inequalities with inferred quantities taking into account all the biphoton pairs in both the near and far fields by integration on the entire two-dimensional transverse planes. This ensures a rigorous demonstration of the EPR paradox in its original position-momentum form.
A new variant of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment is discussed which illustrates the complementarity principle and the indeterminancy relations for the energy and the time of creation of photons emitted as correlated pairs in the decay of a metastable state of an atom or in parametric scattering of light. It is shown that it is not possible a priori to ascribe to such photons a definite temporal structure; it acquires an operational meaning only after one of the photons of the pair is recorded by a detector with a definite frequency characteristic. A simple interpretation of the effect is possible by means of an advanced wave emitted by one of the detectors at the instant of the photon being recorded.