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Physical Review A

Theoretical investigation of two-color, two-photon, 6s 2 S1/2 →5d 2 Dj →11p 2 P3/2 excitation and depolarization spectra in atomic Cs

B. V. Dobrydnev, Mark D. Havey

Published Nov 1, 1995• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Results of a theoretical investigation of two-photon, two-color excitation and linear depolarization spectra in atomic cesium are presented. The case of two-beam excitation, where one photon is absorbed through a quadrupole amplitude and the other through a dipole amplitude, is considered. When excitation is through a spin multiplet, the final-state population produced depends sensitively on the relative transition amplitudes through the nondengenerate spin-multiplet terms. In addition, the transition rate contains interference terms depending on the relative directions of the two beams. These terms are manifested strongly when the intermediate states are nonresonant and when the two beams have approximately the same frequency. Application of the results to the 6s${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5d${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{j}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}11p${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{3/2}$, quadrupole-dipole transition in atomic Cs is made. Polarization-dependent excitation spectra are presented for this case. Effects of hyperfine interactions are also considered.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.52.4010

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Experimental determination of the electric quadrupole moment and collisional depolarization of J=3/2 cesium atoms with krypton using linear polarization spectroscopy

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We studied the effect of depolarization of the atomic cesium in the 6p 2 P 3/2 level by using two-photon two-color nano-second pulse lasers in collision with krypton buffer gas at various pressures.We used linearly polarized dye lasers at 852.112 nm and at 603.409 nm wavelengths for the 6s 2 S 1/2 → 6p 2 P 3/2 → 10s 2 S 1/2 transition.Excitation of the ground state cesium atoms by linearly polarized light produces an electric quadrupole moment in the excited state.The polarization degree of the emission spectra was measured and was used to calculate the alignment (electric quadrupole moment) in the 6p 2 P 3/2 state.Further,the collisional depolarization effect on the linear polarization was measured at various buffer gas pressures from the spectra and it showed a strong pressure dependence on the polarization spectrum.Finally, we extracted the collisional depolarization cross-section of the 6p 2 P 3/2 Cs atoms in collision with Kr from the measured linear polarization spectrum.

•Jan 1, 2008•0 citations
Results of a theoretical investigation of two-photon, two-color excitation and linear depolarization spectra in atomic cesium are presented. The case of two-beam excitation, where one photon is absorbed through a quadrupole amplitude and the other through a dipole amplitude, is considered. When excitation is through a spin multiplet, the final-state population produced depends sensitively on the relative transition amplitudes through the nondengenerate spin-multiplet terms. In addition, the transition rate contains interference terms depending on the relative directions of the two beams. These terms are manifested strongly when the intermediate states are nonresonant and when the two beams have approximately the same frequency. Application of the results to the 6s{\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5d{\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{j}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}11p{\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{3/2}, quadrupole-dipole transition in atomic Cs is made. Polarization-dependent excitation spectra are presented for this case. Effects of hyperfine interactions are also considered.
An earlier study of the 6s2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2S1/2{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}S1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5d2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2Dj{\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{j}}Dj​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}11p2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2P3/2{\mathit{P}}_{3/2}P3/2​ two-photon, dipole-quadrupole transition in Cs is extended by including the effect of an external static electric field. The dependence of the absorption spectrum on the relative polarizations of the two light sources is found to be greatly modified by a moderately sized electric field, the predominant effect being mixing of the resonant 6p2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2Pj{\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{j}}Pj​ levels into the ground 6s2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2S1/2{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}S1/2​ level. Compact theoretical expressions, parametrized in terms of the electric-field strength and the relative transition matrix elements through the 5d2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2Dj{\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{j}}Dj​ multiplet levels, are given. Results are presented for the electric-field dependence of a linear depolarization ratio, which is very sensitive to these quantities. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
An experimental investigation of the Cs $6s\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}S_{1∕2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6p\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{3∕2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}10s\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}S_{1∕2}$ double-resonance two-photon polarization spectrum has been made. In the investigation, a linear polarization degree was measured to extract the alignment depolarization cross section in the cesium 6p2P3∕26p\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{3∕2}6p2P3∕2​ level due to collisions between ground-level argon and excited 6p2P3∕26p\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{3∕2}6p2P3∕2​ cesium atoms over the Zeeman coherences. The spectra show strong depolarization of the Cs 6p2P3∕26p\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{3∕2}6p2P3∕2​ level. The measured alignment depolarization cross section value of 186 (58)A˚2(58)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}(58)A˚2 is in good agreement with the experiment and theoretical predictions.
An experimental investigation of the atomic-Na 3s 2^{2}2${\mathit{S}}_{1/2--}$5s 2^{2}2S1/2{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}S1/2​ two-color two-photon polarization spectrum has been made. Measurements of the linear polarization degree of the two-photon transition were made for one laser tuned within a \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}100 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ range of the atomic-Na 3p 2^{2}2Pj{\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{j}}Pj​ levels, with the second adjusted to satisfy the two-photon resonance condition. The relatively short-pulse (\ensuremath{\sim}0.5 ns) lasers used eliminate effects on the spectrum due to atomic-Na hyperfine interactions and radiation trapping, while greatly reducing depolarization due to collisions with Ar gas. In the absence of collisions, the measured polarization spectrum is in excellent agreement with calculations. Measurements of the Ar pressure dependence of the spectrum revealed strong depolarization in the vicinity of resonant excitation through the 3p 2^{2}2P3/2{\mathit{P}}_{3/2}P3/2​ level. A collisional depolarization cross section of 200(30) \AA{} for this process was deduced from the data.
Two-color polarization spectroscopy (TCPS) of cesium 6S1/2-6P3/2-8S1/2 (852.3 nm + 794.6 nm) ladder-type system in a room-temperature vapor cell are investigated. The frequency of 852.3 nm laser used as a pump beam is locked on one of the hyperfine transitions between the ground state 6S1/2 and excited state 6P3/2 by the saturated absorption spectroscopy technique, which can populate some atoms on the 6P3/2 excited state and induce anisotropy in the atomic medium. The frequency of 794.6 nm laser serving as a probe beam is scanned across the whole 6P3/2→8S1/2 transition to ascertain this anisotropy, and thus the TCPS is obtained. In experiment, we measure and analyse the influence of frequency detuning of 852.3 nm pump laser on TCPS, and especially reveal that some of hyperfine energy levels of intermediate excited state 6P3/2, which has no direct interaction with the 852.3 nm pump laser, are also populated by a small fraction of atoms with a specific speed in the direction of pump laser beam due to Doppler effect, so they also have contribution to the TCPS when the 794.6 nm probe laser is scanned to the resonance transition line between the 6P3/2 and 8S1/2 states after the Doppler frequency shift has been considered. In addition, we prove that the atomic coherence like electromagnetically induced transparency effect obviously results in a narrower line width of TCPS in the case of counter-propagating experimental configuration than that in the case of pump beam co-propagating with the probe beam in the Cs vapor cell. Finally, we apply the TCPS with dispersive shaped feature to frequency stabilization with no modulation, and the frequency fluctuations of 794.6 nm laser are ～0.5 MHz and ～9.2 MHz for the frequency-locking and free running in ～225 s, respectively. The above research work is expected to play a role in precisely measuring the atomic energy level structure and its related hyperfine structure constant (magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole coupling constants), and also in stabilizing the laser frequency to the excited state transition especially for the optical fiber communication, two-color laser cooling/trapping neutral atoms, optical filter, etc.
We studied the effect of depolarization of the atomic cesium in the 6p 2 P 3/2 level by using two-photon two-color nano-second pulse lasers in collision with krypton buffer gas at various pressures.We used linearly polarized dye lasers at 852.112 nm and at 603.409 nm wavelengths for the 6s 2 S 1/2 → 6p 2 P 3/2 → 10s 2 S 1/2 transition.Excitation of the ground state cesium atoms by linearly polarized light produces an electric quadrupole moment in the excited state.The polarization degree of the emission spectra was measured and was used to calculate the alignment (electric quadrupole moment) in the 6p 2 P 3/2 state.Further,the collisional depolarization effect on the linear polarization was measured at various buffer gas pressures from the spectra and it showed a strong pressure dependence on the polarization spectrum.Finally, we extracted the collisional depolarization cross-section of the 6p 2 P 3/2 Cs atoms in collision with Kr from the measured linear polarization spectrum.