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Chinese Journal of Physics

Formation of Photon-Number Eigenstates in a Micromaser

D. L. Lin, Chang-qi Cao, Z. D. Liu

Published Dec 1, 1992• 2 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

For an arbitrary initial photon probability distribution in a micromaser cavity, it is shown that photon-number eigenstates can be induced by passing excited atoms, one at a time, through the cavity. The photon number can be predicted for a given velocity of excited atoms. It is found that the total photon energy inside a lossless cavity becomes saturated once a photon number state is achieved. It is also possible to find more than one number states, each occurs with a certain probability under particular initial conditions. If the injected atoms have a small velocity distribution Av around v, then only a near-number state with the predicted photon number is possible. For Av/v - 0.1, the photon probability in the cavity can still maintain subpoisson distribution until sufficiently large number of excited atoms have passed. Other novel phenomena are also found in two-photon processes.

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Jul 1, 1990•0 citations
For an arbitrary initial photon probability distribution in a micromaser cavity, it is shown that photon-number eigenstates can be induced by passing excited atoms, one at a time, through the cavity. The photon number can be predicted for a given velocity of excited atoms. It is found that the total photon energy inside a lossless cavity becomes saturated once a photon number state is achieved. It is also possible to find more than one number states, each occurs with a certain probability under particular initial conditions. If the injected atoms have a small velocity distribution Av around v, then only a near-number state with the predicted photon number is possible. For Av/v - 0.1, the photon probability in the cavity can still maintain subpoisson distribution until sufficiently large number of excited atoms have passed. Other novel phenomena are also found in two-photon processes.
We investigate the interaction of atoms through two-photon resonant transitions, with quantized cavity radiation, in the framework of a lossless micromaser theory. Taking advantage of the fact that the atomic inversion is quasiregular in time in this model, with quite precise revivals, we find a very strong amplification of the average photon number. At the two-photon revival time, the atom leaves the cavity in an almost pure state. This leads to an essentially noise-free process that results in a shift of two photons of the initial photon distribution each time an atom passes through the cavity, while the width of the photon distribution remains constant. This leads to strongly sub-Poissonian field statistics.
The long lifetime of photons in a high-QQQ micromaser cavity is used to generate a ∣n〉|n〉∣n〉-state maser field by injecting atoms, one at a time. Every atom is probed for its excitation after leaving the cavity so that the precise number of photons in the field is known. We calculate the probability of obtaining nnn photons after mmm atoms have passed the cavity.
Trapping states in the one-atom maser or micromaser are predicted by maser theory and are a direct consequence of the quantization of the electromagnetic field. They have been found in our experiment when the inversion of atoms leaving the cavity is observed while the interaction time is scanned. They correspond to quantum states of the atom-cavity system and under certain conditions represent Fock states. The trapping states occur when the atom-field dynamics complete a full evolution (or multiples thereof). Owing to feedback through the maser dynamics, a stabilization of the photon number in the steady state field of the maser cavity is achieved.
The operation of one atom-maser is considered under the conditions, when the atoms enter the cavity being excited to the state, which is the mixture of Zeeman sublevels of both the upper and lower resonant atomic levels. The analytic expression for the steady state photon distribution in the cavity under such conditions is obtained. It is shown, that the micromaser parameters, such as the atomic flux and velocity of atoms, the portion of atoms at the lower maser level, the polarizations of laser excitation fields may be chosen in such a way as to obtain the sharp maximum of photon distribution function at a given number of photons, providing the possibility of creation of pure Fock states.
The Photonnusber eigenstate (PNE state) generated in a oneatos sphoton sicrolaser systes via the atosic seasuresent for the outofresonance case is shown. The effect of detuning on the probability of obtaining state after having k atoss passed the cavity is discussed. THEORY A beau of lowdensity twolevel atoss is injected into ahighQ cavity at such a low rate that at lost one atos at a t lie is present inside the cay i ty. The cavi ty loss is negi igible. Consider a twolevel atos interacting with a singlesode field via the iphoton transition for the near ly resonant case. The effect i ye Has i lton ian for th is systes in the RWA is Hf cact + q/2)+i1 A q/2+t1g( a'' cy. . Q" ( 1) where L(. )i() is the detuning and ''fi is the energy difference between the two levels of atos g is the iphoton transition atosfield coupling constant Q and *'' are the annihilation and creation operators of the field and ca is the frequency of field a3 and a. are the Pauli spin operators. Assuse that the field is in PNE state at a tue t1 in which the ith excited atol is just going to be injected. r is the tile for the ith atoi to pass through the cavity. The density operator p (t+t ) is p (t+t )U( i: ) p