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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Measuring Relative Atom Number Fluctuations in Coherently Split Quantum Degenerate Gases

M. Extavour, Jason McKeever, Lindsay J. LeBlanc, Dylan Jervis, A. Stummer, Thorsten Schumm, Joseph H. Thywissen

Published May 29, 2008• 0 citations
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Abstract Investigating out-of-equilibrium dynamics with two-dimensional (2D) systems is of widespread theoretical interest, as these systems are strongly influenced by fluctuations and there exists a superfluid phase transition at a finite temperature. In this work, we realise matter-wave interference for degenerate Bose gases, including the first demonstration of coherent splitting of 2D Bose gases using magnetic trapping potentials. We improve the fringe contrast by imaging only a thin slice of the expanded atom clouds, which will be necessary for subsequent studies on the relaxation of the gas following a quantum quench.
Correlations in quantum degenerate matter can be created by even weak interactions. A double well provides a simple system in which to observe this effect, since relative occupation has sub-Poissonian fluctuation when the charging energy becomes greater than the Josephson energy of the superfluid. I will discuss our efforts to observe this effect directly in the number statistics of a split Bose-Einstein condensate. We have a sensitivity to standard deviation at the level of tens of atoms, giving us sub-Poissonian noise and uncertainty in our measurement of several thousand atoms. We report statistical results for various preparations and splitting sequences.