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Springer eBooks

Quantum coherence and decoherence in a classically chaotic experimentally accessible quantum optical system

Robert Graham

Published Apr 6, 2008• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/3-540-60188-0_48

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Quantum systems upon interaction with the environment undergo decoherence or decay towards classical states. The dynamics of the quantum coherence at the borderline between quantum and classical world is not fully understood yet. The quantum coherence is generally known to exponentially decay in time so that macroscopic quantum superpositions are not sustained for a long time. In many practical applications, it is necessary to maintain quantum coherences for as long as possible. In this work, we use the experimental test-bed of cold atoms in a pulsed one-dimensional optical lattice to realise an atom-optics kicked rotator. We manipulate the waiting time between consequent kicks in this system by taking it as a random variable from a L\'{e}vy distribution. In this noisy scenario, we show that coherence can be made to decay slower than an exponential form. This manifests in the form of quantum subdiffusion that can be controlled through the L\'{e}vy exponent. The experimental results are in good agreement with the analytical expressions and numerical simulations for the mean energy growth of atom-optics kicked rotor.
We use a recent result to show that the rate of loss of coherence of a quantum system increases with increasing system phase-space structure and that a chaotic quantal system in the semiclassical limit decoheres exponentially with rate $2{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{2}$, where ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{2}$ is a generalized Lyapunov exponent. As a result, for example, the dephasing time for classically chaotic systems goes to infinity logarithmically with the temperature, in accord with recent experimental results.