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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Integrated Optics Approach to State Manipulation and Detection in Ion Trap Quantum Computation.

Jungsang Kim, Changsoon Kim

Published Mar 7, 2007• 0 citations
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State readout of trapped-ion qubits is usually achieved by observing qubit-state-dependent fluorescence from the ion while driving an optical cycling transition with laser light. The integration of photon detectors for fluorescence detection into the ion trap itself may benefit the development of many-qubit setups for applications like quantum computing. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are promising candidates for trap-integrated detectors for high-fidelity trapped-ion qubit state readout. However, the strong oscillating electromagnetic fields that are typically used to trap and manipulate ions can affect the function of the SNSPDs significantly. In this work, we demonstrate an improved design to integrate SNSPDs into linear rf ion traps that reduces the susceptibility of the SNSPDs to applied rf trapping potentials. Our measurement results represent an improvement in rf tolerance by an order of magnitude with an increase in operation temperature from 3.5K to 6K compared to previous work.

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Ion traps are one approach to represent Qubits in future quantum computer architectures. Nevertheless, progress has to be made to scale ion trap setups for multiple ions and qubit scaling. Next to the ion trap architecture itself the manipulation of the ion’s state and their readout by means of a laser and fluorescence detection optics are key architectural building blocks. A setup dedicated to the optical addressing of each individual ion in the trap will be described, consisting of micro-optics for diffraction limited focusing of the laser beam onto the ion and a miniaturized actuation mechanism for the micron scale movement of the focus with the ion, where the electrical feedback signal stems from the detection unit. The setup’s design with an initial layout for up to 10 ions in parallel can further be scaled towards ca. 50 ions in parallel at least. Publisher’s Note: The manuscript PDF, originally published on 5 March 2021, was withdrawn on 12 March 2021 per author request.

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Integration of Advanced Optics for Trapped Ion Quantum Information Processing

Rachel Noek

Trapped ion systems are the leading candidate for quantum information processing because many of the critical components have already been demonstrated. Scaling trapped ion systems to large numbers of ions is currently believed possible, but much work remains to prove it. Microfabricated surface ion traps are increasing in popularity for their ease of mass production and their ability to manipulate individual ions and interact arbitrary pairs of ions. Even with the advent of scalable ion traps, detection of an individual ion trapped in a high vacuum poses a challenge. The internal state of the ion chosen for a quantum bit can be measured via exposure to a probe beam that causes one state to scatter light (a "bright" state), but not the other state (a "dark" state). In free space, a single ion acts like a point source that emits in all directions; a standard two inch lens system can only collect about 2% of the light emitted by the ion. Poor light collection results in a high error rate and slow determination of the internal state of the ion. Fast, high fidelity state detection is necessary for quantum error correction and loophole-free Bell experiments at short (less than 100\\,km) distances, and high efficiency collection is necessary to rapidly interconnect separate quantum computers. We demonstrate state detection fidelities of 99%, 99.856(8)% and 99.915(7) % which correspond to detection times of 10.5, 28.1 and 99.8 us, respectively.

•Jan 1, 2013•0 citations
State readout of trapped-ion qubits is usually achieved by observing qubit-state-dependent fluorescence from the ion while driving an optical cycling transition with laser light. The integration of photon detectors for fluorescence detection into the ion trap itself may benefit the development of many-qubit setups for applications like quantum computing. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are promising candidates for trap-integrated detectors for high-fidelity trapped-ion qubit state readout. However, the strong oscillating electromagnetic fields that are typically used to trap and manipulate ions can affect the function of the SNSPDs significantly. In this work, we demonstrate an improved design to integrate SNSPDs into linear rf ion traps that reduces the susceptibility of the SNSPDs to applied rf trapping potentials. Our measurement results represent an improvement in rf tolerance by an order of magnitude with an increase in operation temperature from 3.5K to 6K compared to previous work.
Ion traps are one approach to represent Qubits in future quantum computer architectures. Nevertheless, progress has to be made to scale ion trap setups for multiple ions and qubit scaling. Next to the ion trap architecture itself the manipulation of the ion’s state and their readout by means of a laser and fluorescence detection optics are key architectural building blocks. A setup dedicated to the optical addressing of each individual ion in the trap will be described, consisting of micro-optics for diffraction limited focusing of the laser beam onto the ion and a miniaturized actuation mechanism for the micron scale movement of the focus with the ion, where the electrical feedback signal stems from the detection unit. The setup’s design with an initial layout for up to 10 ions in parallel can further be scaled towards ca. 50 ions in parallel at least. Publisher’s Note: The manuscript PDF, originally published on 5 March 2021, was withdrawn on 12 March 2021 per author request.
Trapped ion systems are the leading candidate for quantum information processing because many of the critical components have already been demonstrated. Scaling trapped ion systems to large numbers of ions is currently believed possible, but much work remains to prove it. Microfabricated surface ion traps are increasing in popularity for their ease of mass production and their ability to manipulate individual ions and interact arbitrary pairs of ions. Even with the advent of scalable ion traps, detection of an individual ion trapped in a high vacuum poses a challenge. The internal state of the ion chosen for a quantum bit can be measured via exposure to a probe beam that causes one state to scatter light (a "bright" state), but not the other state (a "dark" state). In free space, a single ion acts like a point source that emits in all directions; a standard two inch lens system can only collect about 2% of the light emitted by the ion. Poor light collection results in a high error rate and slow determination of the internal state of the ion. Fast, high fidelity state detection is necessary for quantum error correction and loophole-free Bell experiments at short (less than 100\\,km) distances, and high efficiency collection is necessary to rapidly interconnect separate quantum computers. We demonstrate state detection fidelities of 99%, 99.856(8)% and 99.915(7) % which correspond to detection times of 10.5, 28.1 and 99.8 us, respectively.