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AIP conference proceedings

Beam propagation in a thick lens using the quantum mechanics formulism

G Héctor Lorduy, L. Castellanos, Ángel Salazar, Niklaus Ursus Wetter, Jaime Frejlich

Published Jan 1, 2008• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper has to do with the introduction of an algebraic operator method suitable for applications in a wide area of optics. The algebraic structure of this method allows us to derive results usually obtained by using the method of rays in classical optics. Here, we treat the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the framework of paraxial approach, where the paraxial wave equation is viewed as the Schrödinger's wave equation of quantum theory. The time variable of the Schrödinger's equation plays the role of a coordinate along the propagation axis. From this point of view, a formal analogy among the wave optics and quantum mechanics is constructed. In this work, the impulse response function (IRF) for a thick lens is obtained, and from this, the well known corresponding matrix transformation in classical optics is deduced.

DOI
10.1063/1.2926843

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This paper has to do with the introduction of an algebraic operator method suitable for applications in a wide area of optics. The algebraic structure of this method allows us to derive results usually obtained by using the method of rays in classical optics. Here, we treat the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the framework of paraxial approach, where the paraxial wave equation is viewed as the Schrödinger's wave equation of quantum theory. The time variable of the Schrödinger's equation plays the role of a coordinate along the propagation axis. From this point of view, a formal analogy among the wave optics and quantum mechanics is constructed. In this work, the impulse response function (IRF) for a thick lens is obtained, and from this, the well known corresponding matrix transformation in classical optics is deduced.
Abstract The similarity between the Schrödinger equation and the paraxial wave equation permits numerous analogies linking these fields, which is pivotal in advancing both quantum mechanics and wave optics. In this study, we demonstrate the application of operator techniques to an electromagnetic field characterized by the function f(x + ay), leveraging the structural analogies between these equations. Specifically, we employ initial conditions defined by Airy and Bessel functions to illustrate the practical implementation of these techniques.
The quantum theory of a magnetic electron lens with rotational symmetry about its straight optic axis has recently been studied entirely on the basis of the Dirac equation [R. Jagannathan, R. Simon, E. C. G. Sudarshan, and N. Mukunda, Phys. Lett. A 134, 457 (1989)]. Following the same type of algebraic approach, the present paper elaborates on the quantum mechanics of beam transport through a general electron-lens system with a straight axis. The basic theory is developed in a general framework, and examples of applications are treated under the paraxial approximation and thin-lens assumption. Extension of the theory to systems with curved optic axes is dealt with very briefly. The present formalism based on a ``beam-optical'' representation of the Dirac equation goes over directly to the Hamiltonian formalism of geometrical electron optics upon classicalization.
This thesis concerns a general theory of beam propa-gation in optics.Well-known basic ideas are critically reviewed, and the analogy between quantum mechanics and paraxial optics is established through a number of n~w refinements.A parabolic equation for the electrodynamics wave relation is derived using the relativistic front-description of paraxial optics.The •packet-like beam solutions to this equation are shown to be hermite functions of complex argument.1 I The role and applications of canonical transformations in paraxial optics is investigated, attention is focused on some extensions of linear transformations mapping the position and momentum operators "q, '~ to a pair sands of canonically conjugate but not necessarily Hermitian operators.It is shown that for a linear transformation a related space 'jt. of entire functions exists with an inner product over the complex plane, such that the pair s, scan be realized in the Schrbdinger representation.A unitary mapping onto the ordinary Hilbert space of square-integrable functions over :l,t through an integral transform is provided.The well known Fresnel transform is a special case when sands are the harmonic oscillator raising and lowering operators, whose eigen-' functions are the Hermite functions of complex argument.With these functions the use of mathematical distributions in Fourier optics is extended.A generalization of the Cauchy problem is presented, which expresses the field in the plane l = o in terms of the field in any plane \ =~1 > o.The solution is obtained through an extensive use of the Hermite expansion of a distribution.While this expansion is not new, the fact that is not made in the context of the Hilbert space it is.The results obtained establish the applicability of special functions in optics, as well as a precise knowledge of the meaning and accuracy of paraxial wave optics.Applications of the theory to homogeneous and inhomogeneous medium are presented in particular in a selfcontained chapter about relativistic self-focussing in a non-linear medium.This work is primarily concerned with describing 1 1 1 an alternative approach to the study of a pair of canonical operators and it provides new insight over the role of symplectic geometry in quantum mechanics and optics.Chapter I canon i ea 1 tr ans for•ms.Const rue t ion an<1 app l i ea ti ons.< 19) .
Abstract Quantum Mechanics and classical optics feature similar phenomena such as superposition, interference and even entanglement. Hence, techniques from optics can be used in quantum mechanics and vice versa. In this article I address the question: What can we learn from formulating optics in the language of quantum mechanics? It is argued that the solutions of the wave equations for the electromagnetic field form a tensor product of Hilbert spaces corresponding to the degrees of freedom of classical light. Therefore, it comprises non-separable solutions reminiscent of entanglement. Moreover, the two spatial degrees of freedom each carry non-commuting position and momentum variables forming a Heisenberg algebra like quantum particles moving in a two dimensional space. An analogy between the dynamics of a quantum harmonic oscillator and paraxial light propagating through a converging lens is drawn. This article presents a modern formulation of optics in the language of state vectors and operators (based on Dirac’s notation) along the lines of an earlier contribution [1], specifying and explaining its results.
We develop the mathematical properties of the ABCD -transformation from the classical and quantum mechanical points of view. First, we list the four types of generating function which generate the ABCD -transformation in classical mechanics. Second, we introduce the unitary operator of the ABCD -transformation. Next, we calculate the normal ordering of this unitary operator and derive the kernels in coordinate-momentum phase space. The kernels are comprised of the generating functions, which generate the ABCD -transformation in classical mechanics. This reveals a new correspondence between classical and quantum mechanics. As an application of these kernels, we show the propagation of coherent and Gaussian beams in the context of quantum optics which corresponds to the ABCD -transformation in matrix optics.
We propose a quantum algorithm that simulates the propagation of a light field through a weakly inhomogeneous medium. In the paraxial approximation, the wave equation in an inhomogeneous material takes the form of the Schrödinger equation with a time-dependent Hamiltonian. This reduction is used to simulate wave optical dynamics on a quantum computer. Beam propagator operators for a short propagation distance are constructed using an efficient and flexible block-encoding that enables the simulation of various optical setups. The algorithm is showcased by simulating the propagation of a one-dimensional Gaussian beam through a lens of finite thickness, and the resulting spherical aberration is demonstrated.