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Ultracold Atom Collisions Probed With Ultrashort Laser Pulses

Fredrik K. Fatemi, K. M. Jones, Paul D. Lett

Published Jan 1, 2000• 0 citations
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A theory of quantum beats in a Stokes signal observed in pump-probe experiments upon excitation of four-level atoms with two close upper lying levels by femtosecond laser pulses is developed. Quantum beats arise in the intensity of the Stokes field due to the interference of two atomic wave packets generated by ultrashort pump and probe pulses. An analytical solution of the non-steady-state Maxwell-Bloch equations is obtained, and the dependence of the Stokes radiation intensity on the delay time between two laser pulses is investigated. The theoretical results describe qualitatively well the observed features of quantum beats.
Propagation of a pair of ultrashort coherent pulses in a V-type medium is studied. Both pulses are supposed to be resonant with corresponding atomic transitions. It is shown that the resonant character of the atom-field interaction yields ``pulse locking,'' in which two pulses propagate with equal group velocities. Additionally, in the presence of Raman inversion, the system exhibits resonantly enhanced gain for the probe pulse. These two effects add together to decrease the pump laser threshold intensity by orders of magnitude in comparison with conventional (far-off-resonant) Raman laser schemes.
We have observed a significant cooperative effect in ultracold trap loss collisions induced by two separate lasers. One laser, tuned close to the atomic resonance, excites the atom pair to an attractive potential at long range. The resulting acceleration and deflection give rise to an enhancement in the collisional flux of ground-state atoms reaching short range, as probed by a second laser. Enhancements up to a factor of \ensuremath{\sim}3 have been observed. This indicates that the atomic pair-distribution function can be significantly distorted in a typical laser trap environment.