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Springer eBooks

Recovery of an Interference Pattern Hidden by Noise

J. R. Croca, R. N. Moreira, Rica da Silva

Published Jan 1, 1998• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-94-017-0990-3_38

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Particle statistics plays a crucial role in a strongly interacting quantum many-body system. Here, we study the Hubbard model for distinguishable particles at unit filling. Starting from the superfluid-like state in the strong tunneling limit and gradually reducing the tunneling so that the on-site repulsive interaction dominates, the state ends up in a symmetric superposition of Mott insulator states. This result can be experimentally confirmed by the recovery of interference patterns in the density correlation functions. We also show that this state is a maximally entangled state, in contrast to the standard picture.
Decoherence phenomenona in a neutron interferometer are analyzed by simulation of the effects of an environment with magnetic noise fields. Basic calculations and experiments show the validity and limitations of this model system. In particular, loss and recovery of the interference pattern with controllable noise sources in both interferometer arms are discussed in detail. In addition, the decoherence behavior at high interference order, where Schr\"odinger-cat-like states exist in the interferometer, is investigated. While at low interference order a smearing of the interference pattern is observed, at high interference order a smearing of the modulated momentum distribution occurs.
It is commonly assumed that interference patterns contain no information about the path taken by the individual photons. Surprisingly, recent results based on the analysis of weak interactions with probe qubits suggest that this may be a misconception. Here we show that the fluctuations of detection events in quantum interference patterns are correlated with the fluctuations of particle presence in the paths. It is pointed out that this correlation is a general feature of quantum fluctuations that distinguishes them from classical noise.