Operator averages and orthogonalities

Masahito Hayashi, Damian Markham, Mio Murao +2 more

We show that entanglement guarantees difficulty in the discrimination of orthogonal multipartite states locally. The number of pure states that can be discriminated by local operations and classical communication is bounded by the total dimension over the average entanglement. A similar, general condition is also shown for pure and mixed states. These results offer a rare operational interpretation for three abstractly defined distancelike measures of multipartite entanglement.

Somshubhro Bandyopadhyay

It is shown that while entanglement ensures difficulty in discriminating a set of mutually orthogonal states perfectly by local operations and classical communication (LOCC), entanglement content does not. In particular, for a class of entangled multiqubit states, the maximum number of perfectly LOCC distinguishable orthogonal states is shown to be independent of the average entanglement of the states, and the spatial configuration with respect to which LOCC operations may be carried out. It is also pointed out that for this class, the makeup of an ensemble, that is whether it consists only of entangled states or not, determines the maximum number of perfectly distinguishable states.

Galina A. Nemova

Kei Yosida

Somshubhro Bandyopadhyay, Ramij Rahaman, William K. Wootters

The ‘entanglement cost’ of a bipartite measurement is the amount of shared entanglement two participants need to use up in order to carry out the given measurement by means of local operations and classical communication. We numerically investigate the entanglement cost of generic orthogonal measurements on two qubits. Our results strongly suggest that for almost all measurements of this kind, the entanglement cost is strictly greater than the average entanglement of the eigenstates associated with the measurements, implying that the nonseparability of a two-qubit orthogonal measurement is generically distinct from the nonseparability of its eigenstates.