Quantum information processing and communication (QIPC) theory has developed recently very fast and brought a variety of interesting and important results of the great value also for the whole area of quantum physics. One can also say that the field of QIPC has been so far mainly theory driven and the experiments have been mostly done to show that it is indeed possible, and how difficult is to make it, what theory shows as possible. One of the main reasons for such a fast and successful development of the QIPC science is the fact that paradigms, models, concepts, value system, as well as methods and results of the (theoretical) informatics have been intensively used. The goal of this paper is to go behind this successful crusade and applications of the informatics for QIPC and to present, analyse and illustrate the main ideas, concepts, methods and tools that have been involved. All that should help more physics‐oriented researchers in QIPC to understand that in order to explore the quantum world, new paradigms, concepts, models and so on are now available, and they could and should be used, due to the progress in (theoretical) informatics. Our concentration will be not only on what has been achieved, but even more on the main new challenges. In doing that we will concentrate more on the backgrounds, motivations, goals and implications than on the very technical results.
Quantum information processing and communication (QIPC) theory has developed recently very fast and brought a variety of interesting and important results of the great value also for the whole area of quantum physics. One can also say that the field of QIPC has been so far mainly theory driven and the experiments have been mostly done to show that it is indeed possible, and how difficult is to make it, what theory shows as possible. One of the main reasons for such a fast and successful development of the QIPC science is the fact that paradigms, models, concepts, value system, as well as methods and results of the (theoretical) informatics have been intensively used. The goal of this paper is to go behind this successful crusade and applications of the informatics for QIPC and to present, analyse and illustrate the main ideas, concepts, methods and tools that have been involved. All that should help more physics‐oriented researchers in QIPC to understand that in order to explore the quantum world, new paradigms, concepts, models and so on are now available, and they could and should be used, due to the progress in (theoretical) informatics. Our concentration will be not only on what has been achieved, but even more on the main new challenges. In doing that we will concentrate more on the backgrounds, motivations, goals and implications than on the very technical results.
Quantum information processing and communication(QIPC) is an area of science that has two main goals: On one side,it tries to explore(still not well known) potential of quantum phenomena for(efficient and reliable) information processing and(efficient,reliable and secure) communication.On the other side,it tries to use quantum information storing,processing and transmitting paradigms,principles,laws,limitations,concepts,models and tools to get deeper insights into the phenomena of quantum world and to find efficient ways to describe and handle/simulate various complex physical phenomena.In order to do that QIPC has to use concepts,models,theories,methods and tools of both physics and informatics.The main role of physics at that is to discover primitive physical phenomena that can be used to design and maintain complex and reliable information storing,processing and transmitting systems.The main role of informatics is,one one side,to explore,from the information processing and communication point of view,limitations and potentials of the potential quantum information processing and communication technology,and to prepare information processing methods that could utilise potential of quantum information processing and communication technologies.On the other side,the main role of informatics is to guide and support,by theoretical tools and outcomes,physics oriented research in QIPC.The paper is to describe and analyse a variety of ways and potential informatics contributes and should/could contribute to the development of QIPC--see also Gruska(1999,2006,2008).
The first aim of this paper is to demonstrate the emergence of quantum informatics as a new, important, deep and broad area of science, that explores phenomena, laws and limitations of the (quantum) information processing world, and brings also a new methodology for other sciences, especially those dealing with microworld. The second aim is to discuss briefly long term global goals and paradigms of quantum informatics. The third aim is to try to point out some of the current main challenges of quantum informatics.
An essential overview of quantum information Information, whether inscribed as a mark on a stone tablet or encoded as a magnetic domain on a hard drive, must be stored in a physical object and thus made subject to the laws of physics. Traditionally, information processing such as computation occurred in a framework governed by laws of classical physics. However, information can also be stored and processed using the states of matter described by non-classical quantum theory. Understanding this quantum information, a fundamentally different type of information, has been a major project of physicists and information theorists in recent years, and recent experimental research has started to yield promising results. Quantum Approach to Informatics fills the need for a concise introduction to this burgeoning new field, offering an intuitive approach for readers in both the physics and information science communities, as well as in related fields. Only a basic background in quantum theory is required, and the text keeps the focus on bringing this theory to bear on contemporary informatics. Instead of proofs and other highly formal structures, detailed examples present the material, making this a uniquely accessible introduction to quantum informatics. Topics covered include: * An introduction to quantum information and the qubit * Concepts and methods of quantum theory important for informatics * The application of information concepts to quantum physics * Quantum information processing and computing * Quantum gates * Error correction using quantum-based methods * Physical realizations of quantum computing circuits A helpful and economical resource for understanding this exciting new application of quantum theory to informatics, Quantum Approach to Informatics provides students and researchers in physics and information science, as well as other interested readers with some scientific background, with an essential overview of the field.
Information is physical: the laws which govern its encoding, processing and communication are those of its unavoidable physical embodyment. In today's computing, information obeys the laws of Newton's and Maxwell's classical physics: this assertion holds all the way from commercial computers down to their most abstract models, e.g. Turing machines and lambda-calculi. Today's computation is classical.Research in quantum information processing and communication (QIPC) was born some twenty years ago, as a child of two major scientific achievements of the 20th century, namely quantum physics and information sciences. The driving force of this interdisciplinary research is that of looking for the consequences of having information encoding, computation and communication obey the laws of quantum physics, i.e. the ultimate knowledge that we have, today, of the foreign world of elementary particles, as described by quantum mechanics. Breakthroughs in algorithmics, cryptography, information theory and abstract computational models have shown that this rerooting of information from classical to quantum has far reaching consequences, both quantitative and qualitative, and opens new avenues for research within the foundations of computer science.The aim of this tutorial is to give a survey of the principles, main results and long term perspectives of current research in QIPC, from a computer science point of view. No prior knowledge in quantum mechanics is required to follow this tutorial. There will be two parts:1 - Computation, the quantum way: quantum bits and quantum operations; two major quantum algorithms: quadratic speedup for unordered database search (Grover's algorithm), exponential speedup for integer factoring (Shor's algorithm);2 - Communication, the quantum way, and longer term perspectives: quantum state teleportation; a quantum cryptographic protocol for secret key distribution. Hot topics in QIPC research, state of the art in physical implementation of quantum computers.
The urgency of conducting research in the field of quantum informatics is grounded. Promising areas of research are highlighted. For foreign and Russian publications and materials, a review of the main scientific results that characterize the current state of research in quantum computer science is made. It is noted that knowledge and funds are invested most intensively in the development of the architecture of a quantum computer and its elements. Despite the fact that today there is no information on the creation of a physical implementation of a quantum computer comparable in functionality to a classical digital computer, the development of quantum algorithms is one of the popular areas of research. An advantage of quantum algorithms is the fact that they reduce the time required to solve the problem due to the parallelization of operations by generating entangled quantum states and their subsequent use. This advantage (quantum acceleration) is most important when solving the problem of modeling the dynamics of complex systems and enumerated mathematical problems. (The general case of enumeration is the Grover scheme and its variants; the tasks of searching for hidden periods: Shor's scheme of using the fast quantum Fourier transform and its analogues.) The demand for cybersecurity developments (search for vulnerabilities in smart spaces, secure storage and use of big data, quantum cryptography) is noted. More than a dozen articles are devoted to quantum algorithms of key search, key distribution on optical fibers of various lengths, and the analysis of quantum resources necessary for conducting a cyber attack. In the field of artificial quantum intelligence, attention is paid, first of all, to the “search” for a model of a quantum neural network that is optimal from the point of view of using all the advantages presented by quantum computing and neural networks, as well as machine learning algorithms. Examples of the use of quantum computing in cognitive and social sciences for studying the decision-making mechanism with incomplete data are given. It is concluded that quantum informatics is promising for the simulation of complex natural and artificial phenomena and processes.
During the last ten years, Quantum Information Processing and Communication (QIPC) has established itself as one of the new hot topic fields in physics, with the potential to revolutionize many areas of science and technology. QIPC replaces the laws of classical physics applied to computation and communication with the more fundamental laws of quantum mechanics. This becomes increasingly important due to technological progress going down to smaller and smaller scales where quantum effects start to be dominant. In addition to its fundamental nature, QIPC promises to advance computing power beyond the capabilities of any classical computer, to guarantee secure communication and establish direct links to emerging quantum technologies, such as, for example, quantum based sensors and clocks. One of the outstanding features of QIPC is its interdisciplinary character: it brings together researchers from physics, mathematics and computer science. In particular, within physics we have seen the emergence of a new QIPC community, which ranges from theoretical to experimental physics, and crosses boundaries of traditionally separated disciplines such as atomic physics, quantum optics, statistical mechanics and solid state physics, all working on different and complementary aspects of QIPC. This publication covers the following topics: introduction to quantum computing; quantum logic, information and entanglement; quantum algorithms; error-correcting codes for quantum computations; quantum measurements and control; quantum communication; quantum optics and cold atoms for quantum information; quantum computing with solid state devices; theory and experiments for superconducting qubits; interactions in many-body systems: quantum chaos, disorder and random matrices; decoherence effects for quantum computing; and flature prospects of quantum information processing.