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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Phases in an anisotropic two-dimensional optical lattice

Sara Bergkvist, Anders Rosengren, Robert Saers, Emil Lundh, Magnus Rehn, Anders Kastberg

Published Mar 7, 2007• 0 citations
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Abstract We study the superfluid to Mott‐insulator transition of bosons in an optical anisotropic lattice by employing the Bose‐Hubbard model living on a two‐dimensional lattice with anisotropy parameter κ. The compressible superfluid state and incompressible Mott‐insulator (MI) lobes are efficiently described analytically, using the quantum U(1) rotor approach. The ground state phase diagram showing the evolution of the MI lobes is quantified for arbitrary values of κ, corresponding to various kind of lattices: from square, through rectangular to almost one‐dimensional.
We investigate spin-order of ultracold bosons in an optical lattice by means of dynamical mean-field theory. A rich phase diagram with anisotropic magnetic order is found, both for the ground state and at finite temperatures. Within the Mott insulator, a ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic transition can be tuned using a spin-dependent optical lattice. In addition we find a supersolid phase, in which superfluidity coexists with antiferromagnetic spin order. We present detailed phase diagrams at finite temperature for the experimentally realized heteronuclear 87Rb-41K^{87}\text{R}\text{b-}^{41}\text{K}87Rb-41K mixture in a three-dimensional optical lattice.