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Lecture notes in physics

Some considerations about Nelson's derivation of Schroedinger equation

E. Onofri

Published Jan 1, 1976• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/3-540-07789-8_61

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Nelson's programme for a stochastic mechanics aims to derive the wave function and the Schroedinger equation from natural conditions on a diffusion process in configuration space. If successful, this pro- gramme might have some advantages over the better-known determin- istic pilot-wave theory of de Broglie and Bohm. The essential points of Nelson's strategy are reviewed, with particular emphasis on concep- tual issues relating to the role of time symmetry. The main problem in Nelson's approach is the lack of strict equivalence between the cou- pled Madelung equations and the Schroedinger equation. After a brief discussion, the paper concludes with a possible suggestion for trying to overcome this problem.
The present paper shows that Edward Nelson's stochastic mechanics approach for quantum mechanics can be derived from the two classical elastically colliding particles with masses M and m satisfying a collision momentum preserving equation. The properties of the classical elastic momentum collision expression determine the full Edward Nelson energy collision energy for both particles. This classical total energy expression does not require a statistical expectation since no process was defined for the energy and it models the main and incident particle velocities perfectly. Quantum mechanics can be obtained by modelling the incident particle as a non-random potential using stochastic processes modelling the forward, post-collision and backward pre-collision velocities of the main particle. This presents the Schroedinger equation exactly the way that Nelson proposed in 1966 except for the diffusion constant. In this case the average energy is conserved in time and the forward, post-collision and backward pre-collision velocities of the system are related using statistical methods. If the incident particle does not have a potential the additional constraints for the movement of the incident particle leads to another Schroedinger equation. Finally, under suitable conditions it will be shown that the colliding particles satisfy Minkowski metric in special relativity. This last example shows how gravity can be quantized using details of this energy expression.
The expressions for the density of electricity and current given recently by W. Gordon are modified so as to give the wave-equations used by de Broglie and Schroedinger. The new equations are derived from a variational principle which also gives some other equations of considerable interest. A stress-energy tensor is derived from the Lagrangian function by Schroedinger's rule and is used to determine one of the constants in Schroedinger's equation. The analysis seems to indicate that a stationary, isolated electron has a definite boundary and uniform volume density of electricity.