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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Hybrid Rings for circuit Quantum Electrodynamics

Eric A. Hoffmann, Frank Deppe, Thomas M. Niemczyk, E. P. Menzel, G. Wild, Hans Huebl, M. Mariantoni, Achim Marx, Rudolf Groß, Tobias Wirth, Alexander V. Lukashenko, Alexey B. Ustinov, Alexander P. Zhuravel

Published Mar 22, 2011• 0 citations
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Superconducting circuit quantum electrodynamics experiments with propagating microwaves require devices acting as beam splitters. Using niobium thin films on silicon and sapphire substrates, we fabricated superconducting 180° microstrip hybrid ring couplers, acting as beam splitters with center frequencies of about 6 GHz. For the magnitude of the coupling and isolation, we find −3.5±0.5 dB and at least −15 dB, respectively, in a bandwidth of 2 GHz. We also investigate the effect of reflections at the superconductor-normal conductor contact by means of low temperature laser scanning microscopy. Our measurements show that our hybrid rings are well suited for on-chip applications in circuit quantum electrodynamics experiments.
We introduce a superconducting coplanar waveguide, in the form of a ring resonator, as a quantum bus for circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED). Due to its unique symmetry, the amplitude of the electromagnetic field inside is uniform along the resonator, which in principle leads to a location independent coupling between qubits and the resonator. For an experimental demonstration, we designed and fabricated a ring resonator capacitively coupled to two tunable Xmon superconducting qubits. We showed that nearly identical coupling was achieved between individual qubits and the resonator. In addition, the resonator was also used as a high quality quantum bus for generating Bell states between the qubits with a fidelity of F=98.6%, although an interference effect must be included for understanding the effective coupling between the two qubits. Our results suggest that ring resonators can be a useful addition to the toolbox of circuit QED.