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TOTAL SPIN-EXCHANGE CROSS SECTIONS FOR ALKALI ATOMS FROM OPTICAL PUMPING EXPERIMENTS

Hyatt M. Gibbs

Published Mar 12, 1965• 2 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

I. Justification for Neglecting One of the Self -Exchange Terms II.Simplification of the Rate Equations in the Limit of Low Light Intensity A.

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Kinetic equations for optical pumping of alkali metal atoms with large hyperfine structure of the excited states

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AN EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE SPIN EXCHANGE CROSS SECTIONS OF Rbsup85sup 85sup85, Rbsup87sup 87sup87, AND Cssup13sup 13sup13sup3sup 3sup3
Detailed studies have been made of the light transmitted through rubidium-87 vapor during the optical pumping process, both with and without buffel" gas present.The observed transients are single expo .. nentials with no buffer gas present, and double exponentials with buf'fel" gas present over a wide range of pumping intensities and relaxation times.These results are in excellent agreement with the predictions based on phenomenological equations in which nuclear spin in included a.nd a single relaxation time is assumed.From a study of the amplitudes of the two exponential components of the optical-pumping transient, an effective cross section (] eff is deduced for the disorientation of 2 .' .'•.• I'..
In this thesis, we present new studies of alkali-hyperfine resonances, new optical pumping of alkali-metal atoms, and the new measurements of binary spin-exchange cross-section between alkali-metal atoms and xenon atoms. We report a large light narrowing effect of the hyperfine end-resonance signals, which was predicted from our theory and observed in our experiments. By increasing the intensity of the circularly polarized pumping beam, alkali-metal atoms are optically pumped into a state of static polarization, and trapped into the hyperfine end-state. Spin exchange between alkali-metal atoms has minimal effect on the end-resonance of the highly spinpolarized atoms. This new result will possibly benefit the design of atomic clocks and magnetometer. We also studied the pressure dependence of the atomic-clock resonance linewidth and pointed out that the linewidth was overestimated by people in the community of atomic clock. Next, we present a series study of coherent population trapping (CPT), which is a promising technique with the same or better performance compared to the traditional microwave spectroscopy. For miniature atomic clocks, CPT method is thought to be particularly advantages. From our studies, we invented a new optical-pumping method, push-pull optical pumping, which can pump atoms into nearly pure 0-0 superposition state, the superposition state of the two ground-state hyperfine sublevels with azimuthal quantum number m = 0. We believe this new invention will bring a big advantage to CPT frequency standards, the quantum state preparation for cold atoms or hot vapor, etc. We also investigated the pressure dependence of CPT excitation and the line shape of the CPT resonance theo-