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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Time-symmetry breaking for modulated cold atoms as a realization of meanfield critical behavior

Myoung-Sun Heo, Yong Hee Kim, Geol Moon, M. I. Dykman, Wonho Jhe

Published May 21, 2009• 0 citations
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We realize an ideal mean-field transition of time-translation symmetry in a periodically-driven atomic system. The symmetry in steady-state oscillatory atomic motions spontaneously changes with the total number of atoms due to the interplay between inter-atomic interactions which originate from the attenuation effects in the trapping laser light and thermal fluctuations. A large separation of the time scales governing the transition suppresses the spatial dependence of the system dynamics, leading to a mean-field behavior even close to the transition point.

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Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Mar 18, 2010•0 citations
We realize an ideal mean-field transition of time-translation symmetry in a periodically-driven atomic system. The symmetry in steady-state oscillatory atomic motions spontaneously changes with the total number of atoms due to the interplay between inter-atomic interactions which originate from the attenuation effects in the trapping laser light and thermal fluctuations. A large separation of the time scales governing the transition suppresses the spatial dependence of the system dynamics, leading to a mean-field behavior even close to the transition point.
This chapter describes the experimental and theoretical studies of a spontaneous time-translation symmetry breaking transition in a non-equilibrium cold atom system. Such studies prepare two vibrating atomic clouds by periodically modulating the laser intensity in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). For a comparatively small total number of trapped atoms the clouds have equal populations, a consequence of fluctuation-induced inter-cloud transitions. As the total number of atoms is increased, spontaneous breaking of the discrete time-translation symmetry is observed with respect to the modulation period. The measured critical exponents and the frequency dispersion of the response show an ideal mean-field transition behaviour. The symmetry breaking is due to the modification of fluctuational dynamics by the interatomic interaction. The chapter provides a theoretical model based on the activation energy and master equation which explains the experimental results well. The enhancement of the fluctuation which cannot be described by the mean-field model, is also discussed.
We show that an atomic system in a periodically modulated optical trap displays an ideal mean-field symmetry-breaking transition. The symmetry is broken with respect to time translation by the modulation period. We describe experimental observations and develop a full microscopic theory of the observed critical phenomena. The transition is explained as resulting from the interplay of the long-range interatomic interaction and nonequilibrium fluctuations in the strongly modulated system. The observations, including anomalous fluctuations in the symmetry broken phase, are fully described by the theory.