Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

JETP Lett. (USSR) (Engl. Transl.); (United States)

Optimal quantum measurements in detectors of gravitation radiation

Vladimir B. Braginskii, Yu.I. Vorontsov, F. Ya. Khalili

Published Mar 5, 1978• 9 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

When continuous measurement is made with an instrument whose interaction with the gravitational antenna has a Hamiltonian proportional to the instantaneous coordinate, the sensitivity of the detector has in principle a limit. It becomes necessary to use a procedure with a pulsed measurement of the coordinate.

Related papers

Optimal Quantum Measurements in Gravitational Radiation Detectors

V. B. Braginsky, Yu.I. Vorontsov, F. Ya. Khalili

•Jan 1, 1978•1 citation

Quantum Measurement Theory in Gravitational-Wave Detectors

S. L. Danilishin, Farid Ya. Khalili

The fast progress in improving the sensitivity of the gravitational-wave detectors, we all have witnessed in the recent years, has propelled the scientific community to the point at which quantum behavior of such immense measurement devices as kilometer-long interferometers starts to matter. The time when their sensitivity will be mainly limited by the quantum noise of light is around the corner, and finding ways to reduce it will become a necessity. Therefore, the primary goal we pursued in this review was to familiarize a broad spectrum of readers with the theory of quantum measurements in the very form it finds application in the area of gravitational-wave detection. We focus on how quantum noise arises in gravitational-wave interferometers and what limitations it imposes on the achievable sensitivity. We start from the very basic concepts and gradually advance to the general linear quantum measurement theory and its application to the calculation of quantum noise in the contemporary and planned interferometric detectors of gravitational radiation of the first and second generation. Special attention is paid to the concept of the Standard Quantum Limit and the methods of its surmounting.

arXiv:1203.1706•Living Reviews in Relativity•Apr 26, 2012•203 citations

Quantum Measurement Theory in Gravitational-Wave Detectors

S. L. Danilishin, Farid Ya Khalili

The fast progress in improving the sensitivity of the gravitational-wave detectors, we all have witnessed in the recent years, has propelled the scientific community to the point at which quantum behavior of such immense measurement devices as kilometer-long interferometers starts to matter. The time when their sensitivity will be mainly limited by the quantum noise of light is around the corner, and finding ways to reduce it will become a necessity. Therefore, the primary goal we pursued in this review was to familiarize a broad spectrum of readers with the theory of quantum measurements in the very form it finds application in the area of gravitational-wave detection. We focus on how quantum noise arises in gravitational-wave interferometers and what limitations it imposes on the achievable sensitivity. We start from the very basic concepts and gradually advance to the general linear quantum measurement theory and its application to the calculation of quantum noise in the contemporary and planned interferometric detectors of gravitational radiation of the first and second generation. Special attention is paid to the concept of the Standard Quantum Limit and the methods of its surmounting. 1 ar

•Jan 1, 2012•79 citations

Decoherence and Quantum Nondemolition Measurements in the LIGO Project

Vladimir B. Braginsky

The goal of the LIGO project (as well as projects VIRGO and GEO-600) is to create terrestrial gravitational wave antennae which will detect bursts of gravitational radiation from astrophysical catastrophies. The sensitivity of the antennae to record the perturbations of the metric (the gravitational wave) has to be at such a level when the quantum behavior of macroscopic test masses (the key elements in the antennae) becomes essential. Therefore experimentalists have to invent and realize technologies which allow to reduce the decoherence of these test masses due to the heat bath and independently to create new methods of quantum measurements which will allow to beat certain limits of sensitivity (the so-called Standard Quantum Limits). These methods may be based on principles of Quantum-Non-Demolition measurements.

Physica Scripta•Jan 1, 1998•4 citations

Back-Action Evasion as an Alternative to Impedance Matching

Bernard Yurke

Back-action evasion is a measurement technique originally devised to overcome certain limits imposed by quantum mechanics on the sensitivity of gravitational radiation detectors. The technique is, however, more generally applicable and can be used to improve the sensitivity of instrumentation with noise floors much greater than the quantum noise floor. The principle of back-action evasion is described here by means of a simple example. A comparison of back-action evasion with impedance matching is made to clarify when back-action evasion may be useful. Back-action evasion allows one to achieve a sensitivity comparable to that achieved by impedance matching.

Science•Apr 26, 1991•4 citations

Optimal quantum measurements in gravitational-wave detectors

Vladimir B. Braginsky, Yu.I. Vorontsov, F. Ya. Khalili

•Jan 1, 1978•29 citations
The fast progress in improving the sensitivity of the gravitational-wave detectors, we all have witnessed in the recent years, has propelled the scientific community to the point at which quantum behavior of such immense measurement devices as kilometer-long interferometers starts to matter. The time when their sensitivity will be mainly limited by the quantum noise of light is around the corner, and finding ways to reduce it will become a necessity. Therefore, the primary goal we pursued in this review was to familiarize a broad spectrum of readers with the theory of quantum measurements in the very form it finds application in the area of gravitational-wave detection. We focus on how quantum noise arises in gravitational-wave interferometers and what limitations it imposes on the achievable sensitivity. We start from the very basic concepts and gradually advance to the general linear quantum measurement theory and its application to the calculation of quantum noise in the contemporary and planned interferometric detectors of gravitational radiation of the first and second generation. Special attention is paid to the concept of the Standard Quantum Limit and the methods of its surmounting.
The fast progress in improving the sensitivity of the gravitational-wave detectors, we all have witnessed in the recent years, has propelled the scientific community to the point at which quantum behavior of such immense measurement devices as kilometer-long interferometers starts to matter. The time when their sensitivity will be mainly limited by the quantum noise of light is around the corner, and finding ways to reduce it will become a necessity. Therefore, the primary goal we pursued in this review was to familiarize a broad spectrum of readers with the theory of quantum measurements in the very form it finds application in the area of gravitational-wave detection. We focus on how quantum noise arises in gravitational-wave interferometers and what limitations it imposes on the achievable sensitivity. We start from the very basic concepts and gradually advance to the general linear quantum measurement theory and its application to the calculation of quantum noise in the contemporary and planned interferometric detectors of gravitational radiation of the first and second generation. Special attention is paid to the concept of the Standard Quantum Limit and the methods of its surmounting. 1 ar
The goal of the LIGO project (as well as projects VIRGO and GEO-600) is to create terrestrial gravitational wave antennae which will detect bursts of gravitational radiation from astrophysical catastrophies. The sensitivity of the antennae to record the perturbations of the metric (the gravitational wave) has to be at such a level when the quantum behavior of macroscopic test masses (the key elements in the antennae) becomes essential. Therefore experimentalists have to invent and realize technologies which allow to reduce the decoherence of these test masses due to the heat bath and independently to create new methods of quantum measurements which will allow to beat certain limits of sensitivity (the so-called Standard Quantum Limits). These methods may be based on principles of Quantum-Non-Demolition measurements.
Back-action evasion is a measurement technique originally devised to overcome certain limits imposed by quantum mechanics on the sensitivity of gravitational radiation detectors. The technique is, however, more generally applicable and can be used to improve the sensitivity of instrumentation with noise floors much greater than the quantum noise floor. The principle of back-action evasion is described here by means of a simple example. A comparison of back-action evasion with impedance matching is made to clarify when back-action evasion may be useful. Back-action evasion allows one to achieve a sensitivity comparable to that achieved by impedance matching.