We present measurements of the hyperfine structure (HFS) of the $n{P}_{J}$ Rydberg states for a large range of principal quantum number $n$ $(n=41--55)$ employing microwave spectroscopy in an ultracold cesium Rydberg ensemble. A microwave field with $30\text{\ensuremath{-}}\textmu{}\mathrm{s}$ duration couples the $nS\ensuremath{\rightarrow}nP$ transition, yielding a narrow linewidth spectroscopy that approaches the Fourier limit, which allows us to resolve the hyperfine structure of $n{P}_{J}$ states. By analyzing the hyperfine splittings of $n{P}_{J}$ states, we determine the magnetic dipole HFS coupling constant ${\overline{A}}_{\mathrm{HFS},{P}_{1/2}}=3.760(26)$ GHz for the ${P}_{1/2}$ state, and ${\overline{A}}_{\mathrm{HFS},{P}_{3/2}}=0.718(27)$ GHz and ${\overline{B}}_{\mathrm{HFS},{P}_{3/2}}=\ensuremath{-}0.084(102)$ GHz for the ${P}_{3/2}$ state. Systematic uncertainties caused by stray electromagnetic field, microwave field power, and Rydberg interaction are analyzed. This measurement is significant for the investigation of Rydberg electrometry and quantum simulation with dipole interaction involving the $n{P}_{J}$ state.We present measurements of the hyperfine structure (HFS) of the $n{P}_{J}$ Rydberg states for a large range of principal quantum number $n$ $(n=41--55)$ employing microwave spectroscopy in an ultracold cesium Rydberg ensemble. A microwave field with $30\text{\ensuremath{-}}\textmu{}\mathrm{s}$ duration couples the $nS\ensuremath{\rightarrow}nP$ transition, yielding a narrow linewidth spectroscopy that approaches the Fourier limit, which allows us to resolve the hyperfine structure of $n{P}_{J}$ states. By analyzing the hyperfine splittings of $n{P}_{J}$ states, we determine the magnetic dipole HFS coupling constant ${\overline{A}}_{\mathrm{HFS},{P}_{1/2}}=3.760(26)$ GHz for the ${P}_{1/2}$ state, and ${\overline{A}}_{\mathrm{HFS},{P}_{3/2}}=0.718(27)$ GHz and ${\overline{B}}_{\mathrm{HFS},{P}_{3/2}}=\ensuremath{-}0.084(102)$ GHz for the ${P}_{3/2}$ state. Systematic uncertainties caused by stray electromagnetic field, microwave field power, and Rydberg interaction are analyzed. This measurement is significant for the investigation of Rydberg electrometry and quantum simulation with dipole interaction involving the $n{P}_{J}$ state.

arXiv:2410.09520Physical Review AOct 11, 20243 citations

Spectroscopy of the 85Rb 4 D3/2 state for hyperfine-structure determination

Alisher Duspayev, Georg A. Raithel

Abstract We report a measurement of the hyperfine-structure constants of the 85Rb 4 D 3 / 2 state using two-photon optical spectroscopy of the 5 S 1 / 2 → 4 D 3 / 2 transition. The spectra are acquired by measuring the transmission of the low-power 795 nm lower-stage laser beam through a cold-atom sample as a function of laser frequency, with the frequency of the upper-stage, 1476 nm laser fixed. All 4 hyperfine components of the 4 D 3 / 2 state are well-resolved in the experimental data. The dominant systematic is the light shift from the 1476 nm laser, which is addressed by extrapolating line positions measured for a set of 1476 nm laser powers to zero laser power. The analysis of our experimental data yields both the magnetic-dipole and electric-quadrupole constants for the 85Rb 4 D 3 / 2 level, without using earlier hyperfine measurements of other atomic levels. The respective results, A = 7.419(35) MHz and B = 4.19(19) MHz, are discussed in context with previous works. Our investigation may be useful for optical atomic clocks for precision metrology and emerging atom-based quantum technologies, all-infrared excitation of Rb Rydberg levels, and molecular physics.Abstract We report a measurement of the hyperfine-structure constants of the 85Rb 4 D 3 / 2 state using two-photon optical spectroscopy of the 5 S 1 / 2 → 4 D 3 / 2 transition. The spectra are acquired by measuring the transmission of the low-power 795 nm lower-stage laser beam through a cold-atom sample as a function of laser frequency, with the frequency of the upper-stage, 1476 nm laser fixed. All 4 hyperfine components of the 4 D 3 / 2 state are well-resolved in the experimental data. The dominant systematic is the light shift from the 1476 nm laser, which is addressed by extrapolating line positions measured for a set of 1476 nm laser powers to zero laser power. The analysis of our experimental data yields both the magnetic-dipole and electric-quadrupole constants for the 85Rb 4 D 3 / 2 level, without using earlier hyperfine measurements of other atomic levels. The respective results, A = 7.419(35) MHz and B = 4.19(19) MHz, are discussed in context with previous works. Our investigation may be useful for optical atomic clocks for precision metrology and emerging atom-based quantum technologies, all-infrared excitation of Rb Rydberg levels, and molecular physics.

arXiv:2305.00265New Journal of PhysicsAug 25, 20235 citations

High Resolution Spectroscopy of Rydberg States

Gerd Leuchs, Stuart James Smith, HERBERT WALTHER

Springer series in optical sciences/SPringer series in optical sciencesJan 1, 19795 citations

We present measurements of the hyperfine structure (HFS) of the

n{P}_{J}

Rydberg states for a large range of principal quantum number

n

(n=41--55)

employing microwave spectroscopy in an ultracold cesium Rydberg ensemble. A microwave field with $30\text{\ensuremath{-}}\textmu{}\mathrm{s}$ duration couples the $nS\ensuremath{\rightarrow}nP$ transition, yielding a narrow linewidth spectroscopy that approaches the Fourier limit, which allows us to resolve the hyperfine structure of

n{P}_{J}

states. By analyzing the hyperfine splittings of

n{P}_{J}

states, we determine the magnetic dipole HFS coupling constant

{\overline{A}}_{\mathrm{HFS},{P}_{1/2}}=3.760(26)

GHz for the

{P}_{1/2}

state, and

{\overline{A}}_{\mathrm{HFS},{P}_{3/2}}=0.718(27)

GHz and ${\overline{B}}_{\mathrm{HFS},{P}_{3/2}}=\ensuremath{-}0.084(102)$ GHz for the

{P}_{3/2}

state. Systematic uncertainties caused by stray electromagnetic field, microwave field power, and Rydberg interaction are analyzed. This measurement is significant for the investigation of Rydberg electrometry and quantum simulation with dipole interaction involving the

n{P}_{J}

state.