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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Cold matter and short laser pulses: creating cold molecules and probing pair correlations in condensates.

Françoise Masnou-Seeuws, Jordi Mur-Petit, Eliane Luc-Koenig

Published Jun 6, 2007• 0 citations
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Matter-wave interferometry of ultra-cold atoms with attractive interactions is studied at the full many-body level. First, we study how a coherent light-pulse applied to an initially-condensed solitonic system splits it into two matter-waves. The split system looses its coherence and develops correlations with time, and inevitably becomes fragmented due to inter-particle attractions. Next, we show that by re-colliding the sub-clouds constituting the split density together, along with a simultaneous application of the same laser-pulse, one creates three matter-waves propagating with different momenta. We demonstrate that the number of atoms in the sub-cloud with zero-momentum is directly proportional to the degree of fragmentation in the system. This interferometric-based protocol to discriminate, probe, and measure the fragmentation is general and can be applied to ultra-cold systems with attractive, repulsive, short- and long-range interactions.
Two atoms in an ultracold gas are correlated at short interatomic distances due to threshold effects in which the potential energy of their interaction dominates the kinetic energy. The correlations manifest themselves in a distinct nodal structure of the density matrix at short interatomic distances. Pump-probe spectroscopy has recently been suggested [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 260401 (2009)] to probe these pair correlations: A suitably chosen, short photoassociation laser pulse depletes the ground-state pair density within the photoassociation window, creating a nonstationary wave packet in the electronic ground state. The dynamics of this nonstationary wave packet is monitored by time-delayed probe and ionization pulses. Here we discuss how the choice of the pulse parameters affects the experimental feasibility of this pump-probe spectroscopy of two-body correlations.