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AIP conference proceedings

Line shapes in cavity enhanced spectroscopy

Eric C. Benck, S. H. Chen, Z. Rong, Hans A. Schuessler

Published Jan 1, 1990• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The radiative absorption and emission of atoms inside an optical cavity are being studied using a Na atomic beam and a resonant confocal cavity driven by a single‐mode dye laser. As the sodium density is increased, the line shape and intensity of the transmitted and emitted light changes due to the coupling between the Na atoms and the intense cavity fields.

DOI
10.1063/1.39934

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The radiative absorption and emission of atoms inside an optical cavity are being studied using a Na atomic beam and a resonant confocal cavity driven by a single‐mode dye laser. As the sodium density is increased, the line shape and intensity of the transmitted and emitted light changes due to the coupling between the Na atoms and the intense cavity fields.
There is increasing interest in the photon statistics and spectroscopic properties of the radiation from atoms confined in an optical cavity. Effects such as the cavity enhancement and inhibition of spontaneous emission, which were first observed using microwave cavities, have recently been measured at optical frequencies.1 Recent measurements of squeezing and the dynamic effects of single-quantum-level splittings also demonstrate the possibilities for quantum-statistical studies of coupled atom-cavity systems at optical frequencies.2 We study a single two-level atom confined inside an optical cavity which is driven by coherent light in resonance with both cavity and atom. For weak driving field intensities we have calculated the spectrum of the light transmitted by the cavity and fluorescence out the sides of the cavity.
The radiative emission of strongly driven, two-level-like barium atoms into the modes of a confocal optical cavity is studied as a function of barium density. As the barium density is increased, the spatial profile, intensity, and spectrum of light emitted out the ends of the confocal cavity display dramatic changes indicative of a transition from fluorescence to lasing. In this novel two-level system, laser action can be explained in terms of an inversion between the dressed atom-field states or in terms of a type of stimulated hyper-Raman scattering in which atoms lase from the ground to the excited atomic state. A simple dressed-atom rate-equation analysis of this two-level-atom laser is presented. It is pointed out that this same system may provide a means of realizing two-photon-like laser action.
A high finesse standing-wave cavity mode resonantly interacting with a beam of two-level 138Ba{}^{138}\mathrm{Ba}138Ba atoms is weakly driven by a tunable laser. Transmitted and sidelight scattered line shapes are recorded. With mean intracavity atomic number, $〈\overline{N}〉\ensuremath{\approx}1$, we observe one-, two-, and three-peaked line shapes for strong coupling. In addition, two-peaked spectra observed in intermediate coupling demonstrate that line-shape splitting is not necessarily indicative of oscillatory atom-cavity energy exchange. Several atoms are required for $〈\overline{N}〉\ensuremath{\approx}1$, so this is not a true single-atom regime.
Experimental and theoretical investigations of the radiative processes of a collection of two-state atoms contained in a high-finesse optical cavity are reported. To make contact with previous work on this subject, we consider the usual regimens in which either the cavity or the atomic damping is dominant. However, of greater interest and relevance to our experiments is the regime of strong coupling that generates splittings and new features in the normal-mode structure of the composite atom-field system. We identify possible mechanisms for producing line shapes with subnatural linewidths. Our experimental investigations are conducted with two-state sodium atoms that interact with a single mode of an ultra-high-finesse optical cavity. The incoherent spectral density of the transmitted field is detected by optical heterodyne. We obtain good qualitative agreement between theory and experiment for the general features of the composite atom-field system as manifested in the spectral density of the transmitted field. Experiments to probe the response of the system to weak modulation of the incident field are in progress.
We have observed a collapse of the Na hyperfine doublet into a single peak due to laser-induced optical pumping when the product of laser power and buffer gas pressure exceeds \ensuremath{\sim}0.1 mW Torr. The complex line shapes observed under these conditions have been quantitatively explained by a model which describes the laser-induced change in the population of the ground-state hyperfine levels and also includes pressure broadening and diffusion of atoms out of the laser beam. The line-shape distortion can occur at laser intensities 103{10}^{3}103 below that required for radiative saturation, and must be considered in experiments involving the line shape or the population of the hyperfine levels.