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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Detecting Onset of BCS-Superfluidity Using a BEC Probe

B. Ramachandhran, Satyan Bhongale, Han Pu

Published Mar 16, 2009• 0 citations
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We consider atomic Fermi gases where Feshbach resonances can be used to study the whole BCS-Bose-Einstein condensate crossover. We show how a probing field transferring atoms out of the superfluid can be used to detect the onset of the superfluid transition in the high-T(c) and BCS regimes. The number of transferred atoms, as a function of the energy given by the probing field, peaks at the gap energy. The shape of the peak is asymmetric due to the single particle excitation gap. Since the excitation gap also includes a pseudogap contribution, the asymmetry alone is not a signature of superfluidity. The incoherent nature of the noncondensed pairs leads to broadening of the peak. The broadening decays below the critical temperature, causing a drastic increase in the asymmetry. This provides a signature of the transition.
We report quantum Monte Carlo evidence of the existence of large gap superfluidity in electron-hole double layers over wide density ranges. The superfluid parameters evolve from normal state to BEC with decreasing density, with the BCS state restricted to a tiny range of densities due to the strong screening of Coulomb interactions, which causes the gap to rapidly become large near the onset of superfluidity. The superfluid properties exhibit similarities to ultracold fermions and iron-based superconductors, suggesting an underlying universal behavior of BCS-BEC crossovers in pairing systems.
Critical velocities have been observed in an ultracold superfluid Fermi gas throughout the BEC-BCS crossover. A pronounced peak of the critical velocity at unitarity demonstrates that superfluidity is most robust for resonant atomic interactions. Critical velocities were determined from the abrupt onset of dissipation when the velocity of a moving one-dimensional optical lattice was varied. The dependence of the critical velocity on lattice depth and on the inhomogeneous density profile was studied.