Macroscopic Effects of Quantum Entanglement

Jincheng Zhang

The concept of quantum entanglement has been central to the development of quantum information theory, yet its influence on macroscopic thermodynamic quantities remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we introduce the Quantum Entanglement Pressure Effect (QEPE), a theoretical framework that links the amount of entanglement present in a quantum system to its effective mechanical pressure. We propose that the pressure contributed by entanglement, denoted P_E, is a function of the system's entanglement entropy, S_E, according to the relation P_E = f(S_E). By constructing a microscopic model of interacting spin‑½ particles with an entanglement‑dependent interaction term, we derive an explicit form for f(S_E) and discuss its physical interpretation. The QEPE has potential implications for the design of quantum materials, the control of phase transitions, and the emergence of macroscopic quantum effects that could be relevant to high‑temperature superconductivity and quantum thermodynamics. This theoretical exploration opens new avenues for experimental investigation in quantum materials and may provide a pathway toward a Nobel‑level discovery of entanglement's macroscopic influence.

F. De Martini

Jincheng Zhang

This paper introduces the Quantum Entanglement Pressure Effect (QEPE), a theoretical framework in which quantum entanglement modifies the effective mechanical pressure of a system. We formalize the relation \(P_E = f(S_E)\), where \(P_E\) denotes the entanglement‑induced pressure correction and \(S_E\) is the entanglement entropy shared among subsystems. By integrating entanglement contributions into the stress–energy tensor, we derive modified equations of state for many‑body quantum systems. The analysis predicts measurable shifts in equilibrium volumes, elastic moduli, and critical points in quantum materials such as topological insulators and unconventional superconductors. We discuss the macroscopic implications of QEPE, its potential to reveal new phases of matter, and the prospect of experimental verification using high‑precision calorimetry and pressure‑dependent spectroscopy. Finally, we argue that the discovery of a macroscopic entanglement‑driven pressure effect could constitute a landmark in condensed‑matter physics, warranting recognition at the highest levels, including the Nobel Prize.

Akira Shimizu, Tomoyuki Morimae

We propose a correlation of local observables on many sites in macroscopic quantum systems. By measuring the correlation one can detect, if any, superposition of macroscopically distinct states, which we call macroscopic entanglement, in arbitrary quantum states that are (effectively) homogeneous. Using this property, we also propose an index of macroscopic entanglement.