Dynamically Invariant Entanglement in Particle Collisions

F. Benatti, Roberto Floreanini B, Fabio Franchini +1 more

Nathan L. Harshman, S. Wickramasekara

Particle systems admit a variety of tensor product structures (TPSs) depending on the algebra of observables chosen for analysis. Global symmetry transformations and dynamical transformations may be resolved into local unitary operators with respect to certain TPSs and not with respect to others. Symmetry-invariant and dynamical-invariant TPSs are defined and various notions of entanglement are considered for scattering states.

Markus Johansson

The spinorial degrees of freedom of two or more spacelike separated Dirac particles are considered and a method for constructing mixed polynomials that are invariant under the spinor representations of the local proper orthochronous Lorentz groups is described. The method is an extension of the method for constructing homogeneous polynomials introduced in [Phys. Rev. A 105, 032402 (2022), arXiv:2103.07784] and [Ann. Phys. (N. Y.) 457, 169410 (2023), arXiv:2105.07503]. The mixed polynomials constructed by this method are identically zero for all product states. Therefore they are considered indicators of the spinor entanglement of Dirac particles. Mixed polynomials can be constructed to indicate spinor entanglement that involves all the particles, or alternatively to indicate spinor entanglement that involves only a proper subset of the particles. It is shown that the mixed polynomials can indicate some types of spinor entanglement that involves all the particles but cannot be indicated by any homogeneous locally Lorentz invariant polynomial. For the case of two Dirac particles mixed polynomials of bidegree (2,2) and bidegree (3,1) are constructed. For the case of three Dirac particles mixed polynomials of bidegree (2,2), bidegree (3,1) and bidegree (3,3) are constructed. The relations of the polynomials constructed for two and three Dirac particles to the polynomial spin entanglement indicators for two and three non-relativistic spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ particles are described. Moreover, the constructed polynomial indicators of spinor entanglement are in general not invariant under local time evolutions of the particles but evolve dynamically and we discuss how to describe this dynamical evolution.

Dirk Bouwmeester, Jian-Wei Pan, Matthew Daniell +2 more

Sakar Parajuli

Thomas Häberle, Matthias Freyberger

We control the entanglement of motion between two colliding particles by dynamically varying the frequency of their common trap. In particular, we restrict the possible frequencies to a narrow interval and limit the average energy of the particles to a maximal value. In order to solve this restricted optimization problem we propose a modified gradient method. It turns out that the motional entanglement generated by collisions can be considerably improved.